Biochemistry MACROMOLECULES The molecules of life!!!!

Organic vs. Inorganic Molecules organic molecules contain both carbon and hydrogen and was once living or a product of a living thing inorganic molecules lack both carbon and hydrogen and was not alive or ever alive. e.g. equation for cellular respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 →6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + 36 ATP organic inorganic

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY!!! Nutrient Molecules Carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids “principal biological molecules” vitamins minerals Water inorganic organic

Macromolecules formed by joining smaller organic molecules into chains called polymers building block units are monomers Greek polys – many, meros - part Building block: Monomer

How to Build a Macromolecule Made from combining smaller “building blocks” called MONOMERS Lots of monomers added together make a POLYMER POLYMER = MACROMOLECULE

Its Like A Puzzle!!!! Monomers = individual puzzle pieces you can put the pieces together or brake them down Polymer = the finished puzzle

1. CARBOHYDRATES Used As: Source of Energy Structural Components Building Block = sugars monosaccharides (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) Examples: starch plant cell wall glucose other sugars BB Shape: Carbohydrate Picture:

Carbohydrates 3 types of carbohydrates – monosaccharides – glucose, fructose – disaccharides – sucrose, lactose, maltose – polysaccharides – starch, glycogen, cellulose

2. LIPIDS (Fats) Used To: Store energy Form membranes Hormones Insulate Nerve cells Building Blocks = Fatty Acids Examples:Body fat waxes & oils Cell membranes Testosterone BB Shape: Lipid Picture:

Lipids Functions: Fats and Oils: 1. long-term energy storage  2X that of carbohydrates 2. insulation 3. Cushion Waxes: 1. Waterproofing 2. Exoskeleton 3. Beehives Phospholipids: 1. Cell Membrane Steriod: 1. Hormones that influence cell metabolism

3. PROTEINS Uses: Enzymes Structural Components For growth and repair of tissue Building Blocks = Amino Acids Enzymes Examples:Enzymes Hair Nails Shape: Protein Picture:

Proteins Functions  C – contractile proteins – movement  H – hormonal proteins – coordinate activity  E – enzymes – speed up chemical reactions  A – antibodies – defense  T – transport – transport substances  S – structural – support, growth and repair of tissue Examples:  Enzymes – lactase  Hormones

proteins are polymers of amino acids (polypeptide)  there are 20 types of amino acids  type is determined by its side chain (“R” group)

4. NUCLEIC ACIDS Used To: Store Genetic Info Translate Genetic Info Building Blocks = Nucleotides Examples: DNA RNA Shape: Nucleic Acid Picture:

Nucleic Acids Two essential functions 1. information storage  DNA, RNA 2. store and transfer energy EXAMPLES…