Chemical Reactions & Enzymes - Means to write that information down.

Chemical Reactions and Enzymes As we have seen living things are made of chemical compounds (Biomolecules), but more importantly chemistry isn’t just what life is made of, chemistry is also what life does.

Chemical Reactions 0 Chemical reaction – is a process in which one or more chemicals change into another chemicals. 0 The chemicals (elements or compounds) that enter into a chemical reaction are the reactants. 0 The chemicals (elements or compounds) produced by a chemical reaction are known as products.

Energy in Reactions 0 Law of Conservation of Energy 0 Energy is neither created nor destroyed, but it can be transferred or transform from one form to another. 0 Chemical reactions that release energy often occur spontaneously. 0 Chemical reactions that absorb energy will not without a source of energy.

Activation Energy 0 Do all reactions occur spontaneously? 0 If this were true what would happen to your textbooks? 0 Will wood burn only if you light it with a match? 0 Chemists call the energy that is needed to get a reaction started the activation energy

Activation Energy 0 Activation Energy 0 The minimum energy that must be input to a chemical system in order for a chemical reaction to occur.

Enzymes 0 Some chemical reactions that make life possible are too slow or have activation energies that are too high to make them practical for life. 0 These reactions require catalysts or substances that speed up the rate of a chemical reaction. 0 Enzymes work as catalysts by lowering a reaction’s activation energy, but without being changed by the chemical reaction.

Two paths will take you to the same end location. Which one will take less energy to get there and will happen faster?

Activation Energy 0 What significance do these energy changes have to do with living things? In order to stay alive, organisms need to carry out reactions that require energy.

Enzymes 0 Enzymes speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells. 0 Enzymes are very specific, generally catalyzing only one chemical reaction. 0 Lock and Key concept 0 One Enzyme can catalyze or speed up multiple reactions 0 Enzymes are recyclable

Enzymes 0 For a chemical reaction to occur, the reactants must collide with enough energy so that existing bonds will be broken and new bonds will be formed. 0 Enzymes provide a place where reactants can be brought together to react. 0 The reactants of enzyme – catalyzed reactions are known as substrates.

The Enzyme/Substrate Complex 0 Each enzyme (protein) has a specific shape, the substrate binds to the active site on the protein to help speed up the reaction. 0 AKA “lock and key” 0 Each enzyme has a specific active site for a specific substrate

Enzymes - In Summary Digestive Enzyme Basics Short & basic enzyme animation Enzyme Videos

Name of Enzyme:Where Found:Function: In your journal, list the major enzymes found within our digestive system. Use pages (Mouth-1, Stomach-1, Pancreas-3, Small Intestine-4) Name of Enzyme:Where Found:Function: Salivary AmylaseMouthBreak down starches PepsinStomachBreak down proteins AmylasePancreasContinue breaking down starch TrypsinPancreasContinues breaking down protein LipasePancreasBreaks down fat MaltaseSmall Intestine Disaccharides into monosaccharides SucraseSmall Intestine LactaseSmall Intestine PeptidaseSmall IntestineDipeptides into Amino Acids

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