A History of Russia Associate Professor Anton S. Kotov Building 19, of. 207

Structure 16 classes 16 classes 3 test 3 test a) Ancient Russian history b) Moscovy history c) Modern Russian history 1 essay (XX century) 1 essay (XX century)

Topics General questions on history of Russia General questions on history of Russia Climatic and geographical factor for the history of Russia Climatic and geographical factor for the history of Russia Periodization of a history of Russia Periodization of a history of Russia Historical approaches Historical approaches

General questions Russian history ≠ History of Russia Russian history ≠ History of Russia Federal Educational Program Local Educational Programs History of Siberia, History of Caucasus etc. Perception Russian history as a history of political events Perception Russian history as a history of political events

General questions Strong influence of a Marxism historical approach: what should study, what should pay attention on Strong influence of a Marxism historical approach: what should study, what should pay attention on History perception as a set of stable facts History perception as a set of stable facts

Definition Rus- Русь (Halych-Volyn Rus; Vladimir-Suzdal Rus) Rus- Русь (Halych-Volyn Rus; Vladimir-Suzdal Rus) Russia – Русь, Россия Russia – Русь, Россия Muscovy - Московия Muscovy - Московия

Climatic and geographical factors Influence of rivers stream Influence of rivers stream Forest and Steppe role Forest and Steppe role Seize Seize

Periodization Acient Acient Middle Middle New New Tribal relations dominance in politics Tribal relations dominance in politics Struggle between tribal and state basis Struggle between tribal and state basis Russia in the System of European states Russia in the System of European states New period of Russian history New period of Russian history Dnieper Rus Dnieper Rus (towns and trade) Upper-Volga Rus (principalities) Upper-Volga Rus (principalities) Moscow Rus (tsar and boyars) Moscow Rus (tsar and boyars) Imperial Rus Imperial Rus Tribal relationship Tribal relationship Medieval Medieval Modern (Transition to Capitalism) Modern (Transition to Capitalism) Capitalist one Capitalist one Socialist Socialist Karamzin N.M. Soloviev S.M. Klyuchevsky V. O. Soviet

Description State-oriented State-oriented

History: concept, subject, methodology

The subject of historical science. Muse Clio. image IV. B.C.

History of History History (ἱστορία) – (Greek) to question, to inquiry, the knowledge acquired by investigation. VII-VI. B.C. First mention of the word. XVIII A.D. Conception of History as science became close to the modern comprehension. XIX A.D.Golden Age of history Confidence in capability to give a true picture of the past 1914First World War

Methodology of History It is a pat of History, which deals with definition of a place of history in modern processes of knowledge, limits of its opportunities, methods, historians use, and the way of verification. It is a pat of History, which deals with definition of a place of history in modern processes of knowledge, limits of its opportunities, methods, historians use, and the way of verification. The main aim of methodology of a history is to organize and systematize a difficult and diverse historical material. The main aim of methodology of a history is to organize and systematize a difficult and diverse historical material.

Methodology of History Methodology of History is plenty of approaches Methodology of History is plenty of approaches The most known approaches of studying the past are theories of formations and civilizations, and approaches: History of Mentalities, Gender Study, Microhistory, Psychohistory. The most known approaches of studying the past are theories of formations and civilizations, and approaches: History of Mentalities, Gender Study, Microhistory, Psychohistory. The interdisciplinary approach The interdisciplinary approach

HISTORICAL APPROACHES

Development of a society: historical materialism. К. Marx ( ) The existence determines the consciousness. Concepts Basissuperstructure Productive forcesrelations of production (economics)(culture) Different societies have different productive forces, but there are laws.

The society in its development passes some steps. Asian - (?) Asian - (?) Antique - slaves, Antique - slaves, Feudal - feud, Feudal - feud, bourgeois - capital bourgeois - capital society of the future – (commune). society of the future – (commune).

Defects The consciousness is enough frequently determines the existence. The consciousness is enough frequently determines the existence. K.Marx has evaded from the detailed analysis of the conflict of productive forces and relations of production. K.Marx has evaded from the detailed analysis of the conflict of productive forces and relations of production. K.Marx has simplified social structure of modern to him society, ignored a lot of social groups. K.Marx has simplified social structure of modern to him society, ignored a lot of social groups.

Civilization approach. Nikolay J.Danilevsky ( ) Oswald Spengler ( ) Arnold Joseph Toynbee ( )

Civilization (lat.) civis, civitatis, civilis The civilization is understood as the public system connected by uniform cultural values (religion, culture, the economic, political and social organization, etc.) which are coordinated with each other and closely interconnected. The civilization is understood as the public system connected by uniform cultural values (religion, culture, the economic, political and social organization, etc.) which are coordinated with each other and closely interconnected.

Defects Amorphy of criteria of choosing of types of a civilization Amorphy of criteria of choosing of types of a civilization (N.J.Danilevsky totaled 13 types of “original civilizations “, O.Shpengler - 8, A.Tojnbi - 26 ) Denying of progress in development of a society Denying of progress in development of a society

SOCIAL HISTORY OF XX CENTURY AND "ANNALS" MOVEMENT Lucien Febvre (1878 –1956) Marc Bloch (1886 — 1944)

New ways for the History Advancement hypotheses Advancement hypotheses Creation of the universal synthetic "global" history covering all sides of human life Creation of the universal synthetic "global" history covering all sides of human life Internal unity binding all scientific disciplines about human Internal unity binding all scientific disciplines about human

Anthropological turn 70s XX. Psyhohistory Psyhohistory History of Mentalities History of Mentalities Cultural Anthropology Cultural Anthropology Microhistory Microhistory Gender Studies Gender Studies