IB Environmental Class Notes Linked Table of Contents To go to a lesson, right click on lesson name and choose “open hyperlink”. See page 2 for more lessons.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
The more energy moves through a system, the more _____ it becomes.
Advertisements

S. Dickinson Biology HHS
Chemical Reactions Alter Arrangements of Atoms
1.1.1 Systems and Synergy. What do these, and the previous pictures, have in common?
Unit 2: “Matter and Change”
The Biosphere.
Environmental Systems: Chapter 2-
Interrelationships among climate, geology, soil, vegetation, and animals.
C HAPTER 1 Matter, Energy and Change. What is Chemistry? 1. Is a physical science: looks at nonliving things (rocks, stars, electricity) 2. Is the study.
13-1 “Ecology: Studying Nature’s Houses” Objective: Objective: Define the term ecology. Define the term ecology. Explain ecology’s importance as a scientific.
Systems & Models – & 1.1.8, (start)
Quiz Outline the concept and characteristics of systems.
Environmental Systems: Chapter 2-
UNIT 3: MATTER ENERGY LIFE. objectives Students can: 1. Describe matter, atoms and molecules and give simple examples of the four major kinds of organic.
Recycling in the Biosphere
Environmental Science: Toward A Sustainable Future Chapter 3
Chapter 2 “Matter and Change”
Chapter Four systems: a theoretical framework. The Biosphere … the biosphere includes air, rocks, water and life Atmosphere : a mixture of nitrogen (78%),
Introduction Matter and Change
Science, Matter, Energy, and Systems
CONNECTIONS, CYCLES, FLOWS AND FEEDBACK LOOPS Environmental Systems.
Objective 1.1. The Gaia Hypothesis In the 1960’s, James Lovelock first suggested the Gaia hypothesis. He proposed that the Earth can be regarded as a.
Thermodynamics Students will be able to: -outline the concept and characteristics of a system -apply the systems concept to ecosystems -describe how the.
Systems and Models What is a system? What is a model? Feedback Mechanisms Transfer vs. Transform Laws of Thermodynamics.
Interrelationships among climate, geology, soil, vegetation, and animals.
What I SHOULD Have Learned in 7 th Grade. Energy Transfers Describe that thermal (heat) energy transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones until the.
1.2 Systems & Models Kristin Page IB ESS
Systems. Environmental Systems and Societies Interrelationships among climate, geology, soil, vegetation, and animals.
CONNECTIONS, CYCLES, FLOWS AND FEEDBACK LOOPS Environmental Systems.
Chapter 3 Ecosystems: How They Work Copyright © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. Environmental Science Tenth Edition Richard T. Wright.
Chapter 3 Environmental Systems: Chemistry, Energy, and Ecosystems
Systems and Models. Try this Think of any system that is cyclical and draw it as a model. For example, the seasons.
Ecology The study of how organisms interact with living and non- living aspects of their environment.
Systems and Synergy SWBAT: 9/ Compare quantitative and qualitative data Define system and synergy.
Systems and Models What is a system? What is a model?
Systems. Systems  Systems are networks of interactions among interdependent components.  It is an organized group of related objects or components that.
Chapter 3 Ecosystems: How They Work. Matter Matter Anything that has Anything that has Made of atoms of elements → molecules and compounds Made of atoms.
Ecosystems: What Are They and How Do They Work? Chapter 3.
What are they and how do they work?. Cell Review  Smallest functional unit of life  Cell theory  All living things are made of cells  Single or multi-cellular.
Chapter 2 “Matter and Change” Pequannock Township High School Chemistry Mrs. Munoz.
ECOLOGY 1. WHAT IS ECOLOGY OBJECTIVES: 3.1 Identify the levels of organization that ecologists study. Describe the methods used to study ecology. 2.
Biology Notes Nutrient & Energy Cycles Part 2 Pages
It matters. MATTER: ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS It matters.
Today’s Learning Objectives  Review Physical Properties and Physical change  Chemical Change = Chemical Reaction  Energy in a reaction  Conservations.
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Chapter 2 Principles of Ecology.
Unit 1 Powerpoint Review for Chapter 2. What Is Science? Science is a pursuit of knowledge about how the world works Scientific data is collected by making.
Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere
Chemistry – Chapter 3 Matter – Properties and Changes.
Systems. A System Is an organized collection of interdependent components that perform a function and which are connected through the transfer.
Elements and Compounds. matter – anything that has mass and takes up space. vocabulary word!
WHACK-A-MOLE
Chapter 5 Notes Environmental Science. Objectives  Describe the short-term and long-term process of the carbon cycle.  Identify one way that humans.
SEV1. Students will investigate the flow of energy and cycling of matter within an ecosystem and relate these phenomena to human society.
Get to work … Put your name on the small square piece of paper.
1.1.1 Systems and Synergy.
Systems and Models.
Unit 1: Ecology Review Lesson 16 September 17th, 2010.
Chemistry Review Chapter 2 in Text.
Blueprint physics 5YC Physics Concept progression V1.4 Forces Energy
Environmental Systems
Chapter 40: How Do Ecosystems Work?.
Cycles of Energy and Matter
Biology: Exploring Life
Chapter 3 The Biosphere.
What do all of these pictures have in common? They are all systems.
Environmental Systems
Vocab September 9, 2015.
The Flow of Energy in Ecosystems
BIO-GEO-CHEMICAL CYCLES
1.1.1 Systems and Synergy.
Presentation transcript:

IB Environmental Class Notes Linked Table of Contents To go to a lesson, right click on lesson name and choose “open hyperlink”. See page 2 for more lessons Systems and Synergy Systems and Thermodynamics nutrient cycles1.1.4 and Thermodynamics nutrient cycles Positive and Negative Feedback Ecosystems Population Interactions 2.2 Measuring Abiotic Components of the System2.2 Measuring Abiotic Components of the System Abiotic factors in Marine Ecosystems2.2.2 Abiotic factors in Marine Ecosystems Taxonomy and Classification Abundance of organisms Simpson’s Diversity Index Biomes and Aquatic Ecosystems2.4.1 Biomes and Aquatic Ecosystems Biomes 2.5.4Carbon Cycle2.5.4Carbon Cycle Productivity Productivity , Population Dynamics Populations Populations Succession Human Pop Growth Age Sex Pyramids Demographic Transition Natural Capital Nuclear Energy 3.4 The Soil System 3.5 Food Resources The Earth’s water budget Biodiversity Natural Selection Evolution of mammals Natural Selection Evolution Causes of Extinction

IB Environmental Class Notes Linked Table of Contents (cont.) To go to a lesson, right click on lesson name and choose “open hyperlink” Red List Criteria4.2.5 Red List Criteria 4.2.6Case histories of Species and Natural Area4.2.6Case histories of Species and Natural Area 4.3 Conservation of Biodiversity4.3 Conservation of Biodiversity Point and non-point source Pollution Pollution from Fossil Fuels5.1.3 Pollution from Fossil Fuels 5.2 Detection and Monitoring of Pollution5.2 Detection and Monitoring of Pollution 5.3 Approaches to Pollution Management5.3 Approaches to Pollution Management 5.4 Eutrophication5.4 Eutrophication 5.5 Solid domestic Waste5.5 Solid domestic Waste 5.6 Depletion of Stratospheric Ozone5.6 Depletion of Stratospheric Ozone 5.7 Urban Air Pollution5.7 Urban Air Pollution 5.8 Acid Deposition5.8 Acid Deposition Global Warming6.1.1 Global Warming Environmental Value Systems-Sustainable Living

1.1.1 Systems and Synergy

What do these, and the previous pictures, have in common?

They are all Systems

What is the meaning of the word system?

A system is something that: Is made up of individual component parts that work together to perform a particular function A bicycle is an example of a system

But if the parts of the bicycle are piled up in the middle of the room, they cease to work together and thus stop being a system

So a system could be...?

A building a flower an atom a political party a car your body furniture an electric circuit So a system could be...?

SYNERGY One of the most fascinating characteristics of any and all structures is the characteristic called SYNERGY

SYNERGY Synergy is: The only word in any language that describes the behaviour of systems in this way: “The whole is greater than the sum of its parts”

Another way to say this is : Even if you know all the parts that make up a system you still cannot know or even predict how the whole system is going to behave or work. Can you give an example of this??

The Human Body If you take all the stuff that makes up a person, you would find that we are made up of: Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon, Water, Calcium, Sodium, Magnesium, Sulfur, Iron and many other elements.

You could never be able to explain YOUR behaviour or all the things that YOU do, or all the different aspects of you, if you looked at just the stuff that makes you up. Never in a million years. This is what we mean by SYNERGY.

Even if you looked at the next level up…the Cell Even if you knew what all the cells in your body do, you still could not describe YOU. Something very unique and new and unpredictable happens when the parts of a system work together.

Try this Puzzle. Using 6 sticks, all the same length, make 4 triangles, each with sides the length of the stick Hint #1: Think in a new way. Synergy has new and unique ways of changing things. Making them unexpected, unpredictable

Hint #2 Think in 3-D

Ready for the Answer? The Answer is….

The Tetrahedron

The Tetrahedron is the Simplest Structural System in the Universe The Tetrahedron- made of 6 sticks, 4 equilateral triangles, all 60 degrees, each vertex is part of 3 triangles the strongest structure for its volume and Surface area. Eg; diamonds

Synergy Even in the simple tetrahedron we have synergy. Because until the last stick or strut or member or piece or whatever you call it is added there is no structure at all. It would collapse. Try it!!! Imagine all the synergy going on in your body which is much more complex than a tetrahedron.

Another example of synergy Ordinary Table Salt (NaCl, Sodium Chloride) Synergy: The behaviour of whole systems that is unpredicted by knowing the behaviour of the individual parts taken separately Na (sodium) is a metal, highly reactive in water, explosive, burns with a yellow flame. Cl (chlorine) is a deadly greenish gas. Both of these elements when taken separately are poisonous and deadly BUT

SALT When combined, we witness synergy. Two deadly substances combine to produce something that we cannot live without. Something unique and new and unpredictable happens when two or more things come together and work together

Atoms combine together to form structural systems The behaviour of the table salt is totally unpredictable by simply knowing the behaviour of the individual parts. All nature, all systems, all structures display synergy. The Universe is the Synergy of Synergies.

Another interesting aspect of Synergy When we understand how the parts of a structure interact together to make something new and unique and unpredictable, we can also see that when we bring together ideas from different areas, such as math, art, music, science they will have a synergetic effect. That is, they provide the potential for great new discoveries.

Discovery One great truth about discovery is that, “One discovery often leads to further discoveries”

Bring different ideas Together One of the best places to find ideas for structural systems is in NATURE. Nature always uses the most economical, efficient and reliable structural systems

Ecosystems Ecological Systems Ecological Systems follow the laws of synergy as well. It is the interrelationships between the parts that produces the behaviour of the whole.

Systems

Environmental Systems and Societies Interrelationships among climate, geology, soil, vegetation, and animals.

A System Is an organized collection of interdependent components that perform a function and which are connected through the transfer of energy and/or matter All the parts are linked together and affect each other.

Why use Systems Concept Why do we use Systems? Useful for understanding and explaining phenomena A holistic approach that can lead to a deeper understanding and possibly to further discoveries

Characteristics of Systems What are the characteristics? Component parts (reservoirs, storages, stocks, accumulations) Processes (flows, transformations, transfers, reactions, photosynthesis, respiration) Negative feedback mechanism for maintaining equilibrium Eg, circulatory system –heart, veins, arteries, capillaries, blood cells, plasma etc –pumping of the blood, blood pressure, nutrient exchange, vasodilation etc

Why Models Why models? The real thing is not available or it’s impractical Too rare, too complex, too big, too expensive

What is a Model? What is a model? A representation or a simulation, could be conceptual, physical, mathematical

How to evaluate a model? Does it explain past observations Does it agree with other models Does it predict accurately

Models “You never change things by fighting the existing reality. To change something, build a new model that makes the existing model obsolete.” R Buckminster Fuller

A system has properties and functions NOT present in the individual components. The whole (system) is greater than the sum of the parts. Properties of the whole (system) CANNOT be predicted with the study of the parts on their own. This is called “Synergy”

Synergy and Systems Synergy is the only word in our language that means behavior of whole systems unpredicted by the separately observed behaviors of any of the system’s separate parts or any subassembly of the system’s parts. There is nothing in the chemistry of a toenail that predicts the existence of a human being.

1. OPEN SYSTEM : a system in which both matter and energy are exchanged across boundaries of the system. Systems are defined by the source and ultimate destination of their matter and/or energy.

2. CLOSED SYSTEM : a system in which energy is exchanged across boundaries of the system, but matter is not.

3. ISOLATED SYSTEM : a system in which neither energy nor matter is exchanged across boundaries of the system. NO SUCH SYSTEM EXISTS!!! Most natural living systems are OPEN systems.

Two basic processes must occur in an ecosystem: 1.A cycling of chemical elements. 2.Flow of energy. TRANSFERS: normally flow through a system and involve a change in location. TRANSFORMATIONS: lead to an interaction within a system in the formation of a new end product, or involve a change of state.

Components of a system: 1.Inputs such as energy or matter. Calories Protein Human Body

2. Flows of matter or energy within the systems at certain rates. Human Metabolism Calorie s Protein

3.Outputs of certain forms of matter or energy that flow out of the system into sinks in the environment. Calories Protein Human Metabolism Waste Heat Waste Matter

4. Storage areas in which energy or matter can accumulate for various lengths of time before being released. Calories Protein Human Metabolism fat insulation muscle fiber hair, nails enzymes

Inputs and Outputs

energy input from sun PHOTOSYNTHESIS (plants, other producers) energy output (mainly heat) nutrient cycling RESPIRATION (hetero & autos, decomposers)

SUSTAINABILITY is the extent to which a given interaction with the environment exploits and utilizes the natural income without causing long-term deterioration to the natural capital.