Chapter 23

A A- 21 B C D F 0-13

Week Twenty-Four (February 22-25) Day 1 Chapter 24 Quiz Discussion Question Day 2 Human Record / Question to consider. How is Imperialism justified and perceived by different groups. Week Twenty-Five (February 28- March 4) Day 1 Chapter 25 Quiz Day 2 Discuss Comparison Week Twenty-Six (March 8-11) Day 1- Chapter 26 Quiz Day 2- Timed Comparison Essay

Independence in Latin America Causes –Enlightenment –Wealthy Creoles resentment –Napoleon Spanish South America –Jose San Martin –Simon Bolivar –Help from natives and free blacks –Disunited, politically weak, unstable, economically poor.

Mexico –Incredible hardship for natives –Miguel Hidalgo –Jose Morelos –Incredible unstable, violent, and chaotic –Colonel (Emperor) Iturbide –1823- Republic Brazil –King John –Pedro –Very unpopular -Why –Pedro II –1889- Republic

Problems With New Societies Constitutional Experiments –Successful in US not in Latin America –Canada received a great deal of freedom Dominion of Canada –Latin America Didn’t want to submit army to civilian government What to do with the Catholic Church Personalist Leaders –Popular military leaders – Lead to dictatorship –Andrew Jackson & José Antonio Páez

Regionalism –Local elites –Latin America fell –US Civil War Foreign Interventions – Foreigners tried to dominate Americas –Benito Juarez French Wars between the Americas –Mexican American War –Latin American conflicts

Problems Cont. Native Peoples and the Nation-State –Leaders of the new countries fought the NA –What to do with them? –Push- Push- Reservation Slavery –Many Americans countries were based on ideals- Freedom –Plantation economies were based on slave labor –Abolition –By 1888 Slavery was gone

Immigration –Increased dramatically –They look so different—Eww you really eat that? –What is a citizen? –Diversity or Assimilation Women’s Rights –What is a woman? –Suffrage Racism –Stereotypes- Post-slavery problems

Industrialization US- Richer Everyone else –Poorer – Exported raw products –Increased mining, agriculture, and foresting –Funded by wealthy US and European corporations Environmental Impact –Wealth growth became synonymous with environmental degradation

Countries Struggling with Modernization Does modernizing mean Westernizing? Was Europe actively involved in trying to prevent you from modernizing Were their any groups in your country preventing the movement towards modernity? Was your countries pride getting in the way of modernizing Did the fear of leaders loosing power hold your country back from modernizing What problems or conflicts occurred in this chapter because a non-modern (non-industrial) country was subjugated by a modern country. To the average person in one of these subjugated countries how might you have perceived Europe, or the leaders of your country?

Ottoman Reform Janissaries, noblemen, and religious leaders –fought modernization and reform –Janissary revolt in Serbia in 1805 Greeks gained independence –Eye opener for Ottomans Started Tanzimat –Secular modernization –Elimination of Janissaries –Many were scared of loosing Muslim heritage

The Russian Empire –Backwards –Slavophiles vs Westernizers –Tsars fought reforms –Became more autocratic Egypt –Independent after Napoleon –Muhammed Ali Started schools Tried to modernize

Crimean War Russia wanted a warm-water port Britain, France, and Ottomans united First modern war –Fast troop movements –Propaganda –Breach loading rifles

The Qing Population explosion –resources stretched thin Distrust of government The Opium War 1839–1842 –Europeans were ignored until too late –Treaty of Nanking The Taiping Rebellion –Hong Xiuquan (Jesus’ Brother) –Qing could not stop it- needed European help –20 to 30 million deaths –Foreigners became more active leaders –Commoners began to hate foreigners Qing is seen as foreign puppet