Beam intensities with EURISOL Aleksandra Kelić, GSI-Darmstadt on behalf of the EURISOL DS Task 11 Participants and contributors: ISOLDE-CERN, CEA/Saclay, University of Jyväskylä, University of Warsaw, IoP Bratislava, GSI-Darmstadt, University Santiago de Compostella, Khlopin Radium Institute, VINČA-INS Belgrade

Production cross sections experimental and calculated Extraction, ionisation and acceleration Transport phenomena Steps towards final beam intensities Constraints: usable primary-beam intensity and the usable target thickness Technical limitations of the primary accelerator  max possible I beam Heat load in the target  max usable I beam The energy loss of the beam  max usable L target The attenuation of the beam along its path  max usable L target Production cross sections experimental and calculated Transport phenomena

See also: P26: S. Chabod et al, "Optimization of the target in terms of secondary beam intensities" P29: P. Delehaye et al, "Towards high intensity energy ISOLDE: Extrapolation of yields for accelerated isotopes at REX-ISOLDE" P50: D. Perez et al, "Fragmentation of very neutron-rich projectiles around 132Sn" P52: J. Ronkainen et al, "Independent elemental fission yield distributions with JYFLTRAP" P55: M. Veselsky et al, "Production of neutron-rich nuclei in nucleus-nucleus collisions at energies around & below Fermi energy"

Two-step reaction mechanism J. Benlliure et al GSI experiment S294 (November 2006) Participating institutes: Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain Centre d’Etudes Nucleaires Bordeaux-Gradignan, France Warsow University, Poland GSI Darmstadt, Germany VINCA-Institute Belgrade, Serbia Institute of Physics, Bratislava, Slovakia Extraction, ionisation and acceleration Production cross sections experimental and calculated Transport phenomena

Two-step schemes: fission + cold fragmentation Production of medium-mass neutron-rich nuclei 1. Produce 132 Sn via fission in uranium target 2. Use cold fragmentation of 132 Sn to produce medium-A neutron-rich nuclei

Experimental setup at FRS GSI experiment S294 (November 2006) S0-S2: 238 U(950 A MeV) + Be  132 Sn S2-S4: Sn + Be  X  A/A ~  B  /  ~  ToF ~ 100 ps L ~ 36 m  B  /  ~  ToF ~ 72 ps L ~ 18 m  A/A ~ Z 2 ~  E

Fragmentation of 132 Sn (Preliminary results) Fragmentation of 132 Sn on Be D. Perez and D. Dragosavac (see P50)

Production cross sections Cadmium, Z = 48 Indium, Z = 49 Mass number  / mb Preliminary! Courtesy of David Perez, USC (see also P50) Model calculations: COFRA and EPAX

Improvements in the GSI evaporation/fission code ABLA A. Kelić, M.V. Ricciardi and K.-H. Schmidt, GSI-Darmstadt Extraction, ionisation and acceleration Production cross sections experimental and calculated Transport phenomena

Benchmark calculations on residue production: Thick targets (EURISOL Internal report), J.-C. David et al, CEA Saclay Problems in the previous version of the ABLA code for nuclei far below the target mass. p(1.4 GeV) + UCx  Ne

Evaporation stage - Emission of IMFs (sequential and simultaneous) - Particle decay widths: - energy-dependent inverse cross sections based on nuclear potential - thermal expansion of emitting source - angular momentum in particle emission -  -emission at energies close to the particle threshold ( A.V. Ignatyuk, 2002 ) Fission stage - Influence of nuclear viscosity on the fission decay width: - analytical time-dependent approach (B. Jurado et al, 2003) - influence of initial conditions - Particle emission on different stages of the fission process ABLA07

Exp - R.Michel et al., NIM B129 (1997) 153 Calculations – BURST+ABLA, BURST+ABLA07

Comparison with data measured at GSI Data available at

In-target yields calculations V. Blideanu, S. Chabod, J.-C. David, D. Doré, D. Ene, D. Ridikas, N. Thiollière et al CEA Saclay Extraction, ionisation and acceleration Production cross sections experimental and calculated Transport phenomena

Residue production in thick-spallation targets J.-C. David et al, Internal report DAPNIA-07-59, June 2007 Fission residue:Evaporation residue: Experiment: at Dubna, Pohorecki et al, NIMA 2006 Calculations: MCNPX CINDER' MeV p 30.8 cm nat Pb

Optimization of in-target yields: Direct targets Optimum target: PbOptimum energy: 1 GeV Optimum target length: ~18 cm? (extraction efficiency) Case 183 Hg Courtesy of S. Chabod (see also P26)

Final goal: Beam intensities data-base Courtesy of Wojtek Gawlikowicz, Univ. Warsaw

Conclusions Feasibility of the two-step reaction scheme experimentally proven Consistent description of nuclide production Calculations of in-target yields in progress First steps towards EURISOL beam intensities data-base