“You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law…” What landmark Supreme Court decision in 1966 created this required statement?

Before—Guess the Lesson End

Supreme Court District Courts Constitution Law Judges Justices Districts

Learning Goals ALCOS #5:Compare duties and functions of members of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of Alabama's local and state governments and of the national government. Goal: Tell me about the purpose and establishment of the judicial branch in the United States.

Read—Pgs Read from “Role of the Federal Courts” through “Types of Jurisdiction” then STOP. 3’s: Key Term Keeper (Make sure you have every key term defined.) 2’s : Key Fact Keeper (Find at least 3 key facts for each part of our lesson.) 1’s: Summarizer (Summarize each part of our lesson, 3 sentences for each summary.) End

The judicial branch of the federal government is made up of courts. The role of the courts is to interpret laws and make sure they are enforced fairly. Article III of the Constitution established the Supreme Court, the nation’s highest court.

The Constitution gives Congress the right to establish lower federal courts: district courts to handle trials and circuit courts to handle appeals. The Supreme Court handles final appeals. The United States has a dual court system. Each state has its own court system that is separate from the federal court system. The goal of the court system is “equal justice under law.” Every person must be treated the same, and everyone is presumed innocent until proven guilty.

Federal courts have jurisdiction, or authority, to hear only certain kinds of cases so that they do not interfere with state courts. Federal courts have jurisdiction over cases involving constitutional issues, federal crimes (such as kidnapping and tax evasion), disputes between states or between people from two different states, and incidents that occur at sea.

QARs What Article in the Constitution establishes the Supreme Court? What are the three levels of courts in the United States? What type of court system does the US have? End

Read—Pgs End Read from “The Lower Courts” through “Circuit Courts of Appeals” then STOP. T—Title (1) H—Headings/Subheadings (3) I—Introduction (1) V—Vocab/Key Terms defined (2) S—Summary of the lesson at the end. (1)

Issues that involve the federal government, foreign governments, or U.S. diplomats go to federal court. When either a federal or state court could hear a case, as when state and federal laws overlap, the two courts have concurrent jurisdiction.

District courts are the lowest level in the federal system. They have original jurisdiction—they hear cases for the first time—for criminal and civil cases. The federal circuit courts of appeal serve twelve specific geographic areas. A thirteenth circuit court hears special cases involving patent law, international trade, and other civil cases brought against the United States.

Circuit courts hear cases appealed from lower courts. They review decisions made in the lower courts to decide whether mistakes were made. Mistakes might include how the judge applied or interpreted the law. A party who loses a civil case may ask the circuit court to review the decision. In a criminal case, only an accused who is found guilty may appeal.

QARs When either federal courts and/or state courts can hear a case, what type of jurisdiction do they have? How many geographic areas are there is the federal circuit courts of appeal? End

QAR Answers End What Article in the Constitution establishes the Supreme Court? Article III What are the three levels of courts in the United States? District, Circuit, and Supreme What type of court system does the US have? Dual Court System When either federal courts and/or state courts can hear a case, what type of jurisdiction do they have? Concurrent Jurisdiction How many geographic areas are there in the federal circuit courts of appeal? 12

After—3-2-1 End You are to write(on your job work paper)… 3—New things learned 2—New Key Terms 1—Question you still have