European Influence and African Independence

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Presentation transcript:

European Influence and African Independence Chapter 20 Section 3 European Influence and African Independence Setting the Scene Pg. 377 Gorée Island, Senegal “The Door of No Return”

Gorée Island, Senegal

“The Door of No Return”

“The Door of No Return” 20 million African slaves may have traveled through this place on the way to the Americas to be enslaved. a negative effect of trade with Europe interest in Africa may have been started by Mansa Musa’s pilgrimage

Trade with Europe Europe wanted: GOLD from West Africa SALT from North Africa Africa wanted: COPPER from Europe CLOTHES from Europe CORN (and other crops) from the Americas

The Elmina Castle in Ghana protected Portuguese trade in West Africa. Protecting Trade The Elmina Castle in Ghana protected Portuguese trade in West Africa.

Elmina Castle (Ghana)

The Slave Trade As early as 1450, slaves were taken from West Africa to the Americas.

The Slave Trade

The Slave Trade In East Africa, Swahili traders used slaves to load and unload ships and also sent Africans to Arabia (the Middle East) to work as slaves.

The Slave Trade

The Slave Trade So originally, it was African tribes enslaving other African tribes before the Europeans showed up and started trading.

The Effects of Colonization: The Berlin Conference 1884

The Growth of African Independence African Nationalism Two important groups worked to help Africa re-gain its independence: African National Congress (ANC) West African National Congress

African National Congress (ANC) The ANC protested laws that limited the rights of black Africans.

African National Congress (ANC)

The Pan-Africa Movement Leopold Sedar Senghor He was a poet and leader of the Pan-Africa movement. He worked to get Africans to cooperate and work together to try to gain their independence.

A Poster promoting Pan-Africanism

Paths to Independence Many Africans had to fight in the World War II to help their colonizers.

Paths to Independence Many Africans had to fight in the World War II to help their colonizers.

Paths to Independence When World War II was over, many Africans who had fought to keep the Europeans independent wanted their own independence.

Ghana: From Past to Present Ghana was a colony of Britain

Ghana: From Past to Present Kwame Nkrumah worked to organize strikes and boycotts against Britain to help the people of Ghana gain independence. Kwame Nkrumah was arrested for his involvement in the protests.

Ghana: From Past to Present In 1957, the Gold Coast did gain independence from Britain. The country changed its name to Ghana. Kwame Nkrumah was elected as the first president of Ghana. Kwame Nkrumah making a speech when he was President of Ghana Statue of Kwame Nkrumah

The Challenges of Independence - Because they used to be tribal, Africans had little experience governing themselves as large modern countries with many people living there. Types of Governments that developed in Africa included: - Military Dictatorships - Democracies - Governments with a blend of Democracy and Traditional styles.