ENZYMES A Special Type of Protein

A. Enzymes AAlmost all enzymes are protein catalysts made by living organisms (like us!) →C→Catalysts can change rate or speed of chemical reaction without being consumed or destroyed + catalase H2O2H2O2 Hydrogen peroxide (liq) H2OH2O Water (liq) O2O2 Oxygen (gas) (found in human and bacterial cells)

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→ Speeds up favorable reactions by reducing activation energy needed for a chemical reaction to begin o Activation energy: energy needed to start chemical reaction (E A ) ♦ Example: to get boulder rolling down the hill, must first push it = activation energy – Activation energy MUST be supplied for all chemical reactions to occur

Enzymes Create Energy Needed to Run Reaction +  EAEA H2O2H2O2 H2OH2O O2O2

→ Enzyme acts on chemical called substrate which binds to enzyme, causing chemical reaction to take place ♦ involved in almost all metabolic or chemical processes

Catalase Example + catalase H2O2H2O2 Hydrogen peroxide (liq) H2OH2O Water (liq) O2O2 Oxygen (gas) SUBSTRATE ENZYME PRODUCT

Enzyme/Substrate = Lock/Key Only ONE enzyme attaches to ONE specific substrate to power the reaction – just like a lock, it never gets destroyed. lockenzyme key substrate

♦ any factor that changes shape of enzyme can affect enzyme activity: 1.substrate concentration B. Enzyme Activity = Speed of Reaction

2.temperature range ◦ Each enzyme works best at a specific temperature. Temperature extremes will denature or destroy an enzyme.

3.pH range > out of range will change enzyme, reducing effectiveness h.html

The END HOMEWORK ◦p. 42 DATA LAB #1-5 ◦P. 42 #1-6