Land Use Chapter 11 Supplemental Discussion on Nutrition, Hunger, Famine, and Food Sources

I. Nutrition and Supplies  A. General Information In 1950, the average daily diet contained less than 2,000 calories per person In 1950, the average daily diet contained less than 2,000 calories per person More than 1 billion (of 2.5 billion) were undernourishedMore than 1 billion (of 2.5 billion) were undernourished In 2001, the average calorie intake was 2,500 calories per person In 2001, the average calorie intake was 2,500 calories per person Not everyone receives the 2,500 caloriesNot everyone receives the 2,500 calories Leads to over-nutritionLeads to over-nutrition Approximately 1.1 billion people are overweight / obese Approximately 1.1 billion people are overweight / obese

I. Nutrition and Supplies  A. General Information Crop production in most areas has increased to keep up with demandCrop production in most areas has increased to keep up with demand China, U.S., Indonesia (increased food) China, U.S., Indonesia (increased food) Angola, Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia (decreased food) Angola, Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia (decreased food) Caused by war and mismanagement or corruption (social injustice)Caused by war and mismanagement or corruption (social injustice)

I. Nutrition and Supplies  B. Chronic Hunger and Food Security 800,000 million people are chronically hungry 800,000 million people are chronically hungry Approximately 11 million children die from malnutrition related diseases Approximately 11 million children die from malnutrition related diseases Food security, the ability to obtain sufficient food, may be threatened by poverty (?) Food security, the ability to obtain sufficient food, may be threatened by poverty (?)

World Wide Hunger

I. Nutrition and Supplies  C. Other Essential Nutrients Malnourishment can happen even with plenty of calories Malnourishment can happen even with plenty of calories Caused by a lack of specific dietary componentsCaused by a lack of specific dietary components Human protein deficiency diseases Human protein deficiency diseases Kwashiorkor – “displaced child”, deprived of breast milk, therefore lacking protein in dietKwashiorkor – “displaced child”, deprived of breast milk, therefore lacking protein in diet Reddish-orange hair, puffy-discolored skin, and bloated belly Reddish-orange hair, puffy-discolored skin, and bloated belly Marasmus – “waste away”, low in both calories and proteinMarasmus – “waste away”, low in both calories and protein Generally thin, shriveled child (looks like a tiny very old starving person) Generally thin, shriveled child (looks like a tiny very old starving person) Children suffering from either, become anemic and have low immune deficienciesChildren suffering from either, become anemic and have low immune deficiencies

I. Nutrition and Supplies  C. Other Essential Nutrients Microencephaly (small heads) and anencephaly (no brain) are caused by a lack of folic acid Microencephaly (small heads) and anencephaly (no brain) are caused by a lack of folic acid Blindness can be caused by a lack of Vitamin A (green vegetables) Blindness can be caused by a lack of Vitamin A (green vegetables) Anemia is caused by a lack of Iron Anemia is caused by a lack of Iron Goiter (swollen thyroid) and hyperthyroidism is caused by iodine deficiency Goiter (swollen thyroid) and hyperthyroidism is caused by iodine deficiency Causes brain damageCauses brain damage

I. Nutrition and Supplies  D. Famines Characterized by Characterized by Large-scale food shortagesLarge-scale food shortages Massive starvationMassive starvation Social disruptionSocial disruption Economic chaosEconomic chaos Loss of food stores Loss of food stores Excess grainExcess grain Breeding stockBreeding stock

I. Nutrition and Supplies  D. Famines Caused by Caused by Environmental triggersEnvironmental triggers Adverse weather Adverse weather Insect infestations Insect infestations Disease Disease Other natural disasters Other natural disasters Locust famines in ancient EgyptLocust famines in ancient Egypt PoliticsPolitics Government division of food and supplies Government division of food and supplies War War

I. Nutrition and Supplies  D. Famines (cont) Caused by (cont) Caused by (cont) Politics (cont)Politics (cont) Land seizures (by rich and powerful men/women) Land seizures (by rich and powerful men/women) Block areas that once supported people during poor agricultural timesBlock areas that once supported people during poor agricultural times Ethiopia and Sudan in the 1980’s Ethiopia and Sudan in the 1980’s EconomicsEconomics Inability to purchase food Inability to purchase food Embargoes of countries Embargoes of countries Withdrawal of food aidWithdrawal of food aid Bangladesh of 1974 Bangladesh of 1974

II. Major Food Sources  A. Major Agricultural Crops (primary) Wheat Wheat Rice Rice Corn Corn Most civilizations rely on one of the above as the main source of agricultural food Most civilizations rely on one of the above as the main source of agricultural food

II. Major Food Sources  B. Secondary Agriculture Crops Potatoes Potatoes Barley Barley Oats Oats Rye Rye Mountainous regions and high latitudes use these agriculture crops instead of the “big 3” Mountainous regions and high latitudes use these agriculture crops instead of the “big 3”

II. Major Food Sources  C. Meat, Milk, and Seafood Very expensive to produce Very expensive to produce Use a lot of crops to make Use a lot of crops to make Only wealthy areas can afford these food sources (considered luxury foods) Only wealthy areas can afford these food sources (considered luxury foods)