MEMORY Alanna Denauski Anisha Mohan Urmila Lingala

Introduction  The process by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved  Regions of the brain:  Prefrontal Lobe – short term memory stored  Hippocampus – long term memory stored

Short-Term Memory  Holds 5 to 9 pieces of information until forgotten or moved into long term memory  Duration is between 15 to 30 seconds  Comes after sensation – receiving stimuli information

Working Memory  Short term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming stimuli and long term memory  Example: Looking at a book you have never seen before, you still know what it is and how to use it because of long term memory

Long-Term Memory  Limitless  Received from working and short-term memory  Types:  Explicit – memories available in consciousness Episodic memory - specific events Semantic memory - knowledge about the world  Implicit – memories of body movements and how to use objects

Encoding  Automatic, parallel processing  Store and recall informaiton  Levels:  Visual – picture images  Acoustic – sounds and words  Semantic - meaning

Remembering  Different cues:  Recall – retrieving information not in conscious awareness (Taking a fill-in-the-blank test)  Recognition – indentifying items previously learned (Taking a multiple choice test)  Relearning – measure of memory that assess the amount of time saved when learning the material for a second time

Forgetting  Absent-mindedness – inattention to details  Transience – storage decay over time  Blocking – inaccessibility to stored information  Misattribution – confusing information sources  Suggestibility – lingering affect of misinformation  Bias – belief-colored recollection  Persistence – unwanted memories

Disorders  Agnosia - inability to recognize certain objects, persons or sounds  Amnesia - memory and learning are affected out of all proportion to other cognitive functions  Alzheimer's disease - cell to cell connections in the brain are lost  Dementia - progressive deterioration of thinking ability and memory