How We Study Cells Light Microscopes Used to see most of cell/tissues

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Presentation transcript:

How We Study Cells Light Microscopes Used to see most of cell/tissues Electron Microscopes Used to see smaller organelles/ bacteria

Electron Microscope Images TEM image of a Chloroplast SEM image of cilia

The original life form split into 3 groups Archaea and Bacteria have no membrane- bound organelles Eukaryotes have membrane- bound organelles

The Prokaryotic Cell (Bacteria, Archaea) No organelles DNA floating Ribosomes Makes some proteins Cell Wall

© Dennis Kunkel Microscopy, Inc

Prokaryotic Cell vs. Eukaryotic Cell

Our Cells - Eukaryotes DNA encased in membrane-bound nucleus Compartmentalized organelles Approx 10 times as large as bacterial cells

Eukaryotes Plants, Animals, Fungi and Protists Protists are eukaryotes that are not plants, animals or fungi

Differences between Animal and Plant Cells Cell Wall Chloroplasts Large central vacuole More rigid, regular shape Animal cells No cell wall More flexible Smaller vacuoles Have things called centrioles

Eukaryotic Cells (Plant vs. Animal) Plant Cell Animal Cell

Phospholipids

Membranes 2 layers of phospholipids Found both around the cell and around each organelle Controls what gets in and what gets out

DNA controls production of proteins and activity of cell Nucleus Stores DNA DNA controls production of proteins and activity of cell

Nucleus with Nuclear Pores (TEM x 73,200) Ribosomes DNA Cytosol This image is copyright Dennis Kunkel at www.DennisKunkel.com

Assemble proteins, based on DNA instruction Ribosomes Assemble proteins, based on DNA instruction

Nucleolus (plural – nucleoli) Spherical structure(s) found within nucleus Make ribosomes Not related to DNA

Endoplasmic Reticulum Makes lipids, like membrane Rough ER wraps proteins in membrane to make a vesicle

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum with Ribosomes (TEM x61,560) This image is copyright Dennis Kunkel at www.DennisKunkel.com

Golgi Apparatus Warehouse- modifies and ships vesicles from the rough ER

Golgi Apparatus, (TEM x145,700) Vesicles This image is copyright Dennis Kunkel at www.DennisKunkel.com

Lysosomes Contains digestive enzymes Breaks down macromolecules, dead organelles, infectious bacteria etc.

Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Found in plants, animals and fungi Aerobic cellular respiration Found only in plants, algae Photosynthesis

Mitochondria, (TEM x190,920) This image is copyright Dennis Kunkel at www.DennisKunkel.com

Liver cell nucleus and nucleolus (TEM x20,740). Ribosomes Lysosome Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus Mitochondria This image is copyright Dennis Kunkel at www.DennisKunkel.com

Plant Cell Cell Wall Mitochondria Nucleolus Chloroplasts Nucleus

Chloroplast, (TEM) Image copyrighted by University of Central Arkansas

The Cytoskeleton Provides structural support and organization of organelles Also extremely important in cellular movement

Microtubules, (TEM x 199,500) This image is copyright Dennis Kunkel at www.DennisKunkel.com

Intermediate Filaments

Membrane- bound storage compartment Vacuole Membrane- bound storage compartment Stores food, water etc.

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