Cell Review-Organelles

Looking Inside Cells Organelles: – Smaller structures inside the cell – Carry out specific functions for the cell

What holds the cell together? Cell Wall: – Non living material : Cellulose – Surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms – Allows nutrients in

What holds the cell together? Cytoskeleton – Protein framework – Animals & many single-celled organisms Cell Membrane – Outer layer of animals cells – Inside cell wall of plant cells – Controls what substances come into and out of a cell - maintains the stable environment

Nucleus – Control center of the cell, directing all cell’s activities. Nuclear Envelope – surrounds nucleus Chromatin – genetic material Nucleolus – makes ribosomes

The Cell’s Cytoplasm Between the cell membrane and the nucleus. Contains many organelles: mitochondria, ER, ribosomes, Golgi bodies, chloroplasts, vacuoles, and lysosomes.)

The Cell’s Power Plants Mitochondria- converts energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions. Carbohydrates ATP

The Cell’s Delivery System Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) – A membrane covered compartment that maze of passageways Helps to form proteins. Internal delivery system of the cell, transports proteins through the passageways May be covered w/ ribosomes (“rough” ER)

Protein Factories Ribosomes – – Attached to surface of ER – Factories to produce proteins

The Cell’s Packaging Center Golgi Bodies – – Flattened sacs and tubes – Modifies, packages and transports proteins throughout the cell – Also releases materials outside the cell

Chloroplasts Chloroplast – found in plants – Where photosynthesis occurs (energy of sun used to make sugar)

The Cell’s Storage Centers Vacuoles – storage containers for water and other liquids Most plant cells have 1 large vacuole, animals cells have smaller storage organelles

Packages of Destruction Lysosomes – Contain enzymes – Digest food particles, waste, cell parts, and foreign invaders

Plant or Animal?? Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplast and large vacuole (animals don’t) They both have a cell membrane, nuclei, ribosomes, mitochondria, ER, Golgi, and lysosomes