Chapter 1 The Science of Life OBJECTIVES Six unifying themes How organisms survive Difference between living & non-living

Chapter 1-1 Vocabulary  Biology  Organization  Cell  Unicellular  Multicellular  Organ  Tissue  Biological molecule  Homeostasis  Metabolism  Cell division  Development  Reproduction  Gene  Organelle

Biological Themes 1.Cell Structure and Function 2.Homeostasis 3.Reproduction and Inheritance 4.Interdependence of Organisms 5.Evolution 6.Matter, Energy, and Organization

Characteristics of Life -Cells -Organization -Use energy -Homeostasis -Growth (determinate/indeterminate) -Reproduction

Scientific Method  Forming a Hypothesis  Making Observations  Experimental Design  Analyzing Data  Modeling  Inferring  Drawing Conclusions  Communicating Results

Experimental Design All good experiments have Control group (basis for comparison) Experimental group Test ONLY one variable Repeatability Independent Variable (changed ) Dependent Variable (measured)

Biosphere Ecosystem Community Population The part of Earth that contains all ecosystems Community and its nonliving surroundings Populations that live together in a defined area Group of organisms of one type that live in the same area Biosphere Hawk, snake, bison, prairie dog, grass, stream, rocks, air Hawk, snake, bison, prairie dog, grass Bison herd Figure 1-21 Levels of Organization

Organism Groups of Cells Molecules Individual living thing Tissues, organs, and organ systems Smallest functional unit of life Groups of atoms; smallest unit of most chemical compounds Bison Nervous tissue Nervous system Brain Nerve cell Water DNA Figure 1-21 Levels of Organization continued

Tools and Techniques A.A Common Measurement System B.Analyzing Biological Data C.Microscopes 1.Light Microscopes 2.Electron Microscopes D.Laboratory Techniques 1.Cell Cultures 2.Cell Fractionation E.Working Safely in Biology

Using the Compound Microscope  Two lenses  Specimen must be very thin  Organisms may be living  Calculating magnification

Electron Microscopes  Much more powerful  TEM  SEM  Specimens are NOT alive

Systeme International Units (SI)  Mass – kilogram  Length – meter  Time – second  Temperature – kelvin  Electric current – ampere  Amount of substance – mole  Luminous intensity - candela