By: Nick Powell Pd. 5 Bio Plant Phyla

Bryophyta Common Name: Mosses Scientific Name: Bryophyta Main Group: Seedless Nonvascular Characteristics: Do not have true leaves, they have rhizoids Habitat: Live in moist environments for easier reproduction Reproduction Cycle: Reproduce asexually using Spores Examples of Plants in Bryophyta: Sphagnum, Moss, Dicranoweisia cirrata

Hepaticophyta Common Name: Liverworts Scientific Name: Hepaticophyta Main Group: Seedless Nonvascular Characteristics: Is able to get moisture directly from the surface of soil. Can grow anywhere from 2 mm to 25 cm in length. Habitat: Live in moist, damp environments (like mosses) Reproduction Cycle: Produce eggs on umbrella structures, free standing water moves sperm. Examples: Porella platyphylla, Riccia fluitans, and Barbella hypnales

Anthrocerophyta Common Name: Hornworts Scientific Name: Anthrocerophyta Main Group: Seedless Nonvascular Characteristics: Grow pretty low to the ground and have a relatively flat body Habitat: anywhere near water or in tropical environments Reproduction Cycle: Generally reproduce using spores that come from the green “horns” coming up from the plant and rely on free standing water to allow sperm to swim and fertilize the egg. Ex: Dendroceros crispus, Ceratophyllum demersum, and Phaeoceros carolinianus

Lycophyta Common Name: Club Mosses Scientific Name: Lycophyta Main Group: Seedless Vascular Characteristics: They are mostly small and flowerless, but have true roots. Habitat: Prefer moist and shady woodlands Reproduction Cycle: They use spores. Examples: Lycopodiopsida diphasiastrum, Lycopodium, and Selaginella kraussiana

Pterophyta Common Name: Ferns Scientific Name: Pterophyta Main Group: Seedless Vascular Characteristics: They have generally short stems and very long leaves with vertical ribs. Some may grow up to two stories tall. Habitat: Prefer moist and shady woodlands. Reproduction Cycle: Reproduction depends on the amount of water present. Examples: Dicksonia antarctica, Adiantum lunulatum, and, Pyrrosia piloselloides

Cycadophyta Common Name: Cycads Scientific Name: Cycadophyta Main Group: Cone Bearing Seed Characteristics: Many of these resemble palm trees and have very large leaves. Habitat: Found mostly in tropical areas Reproduction Cycle: They use pollination Examples: Sea sago, Cycas revoluta, and Cycas rumphii

Ginkgophyta Common Name: Ginkgo Scientific Name: Ginkgophyta Main Group: Cone Bearing Seed Characteristics: They have fanlike leaves and “shooting” branches. Habitat: The are mostly found in deciduous forests in China. Reproduction: They reproduce by seeds in cones Examples: Ginkgo Biloba (last species)

Coniferophyta Common Name: Conifers Scientific Name: Coniferophyta MainGroup: Cone Bearing Seed Characteristics: They have needles instead of leaves. They look like Christmas trees. Habitat: Mostly found in the Northern Hemisphere year-round. Reproduction: They use seeds in cones. Examples: Cedar, Redwood, and Pine trees.

Anthophyta Common Name: Flowering Plants Scientific Name: Anthophyta Main Group: Flowering Seed Characteristics: They produce flowers or fruit, have vascular systems, and have pollen. Habitat: Worldwide Reproduction: The produced flowers protects the plant gametes and eggs. The fruit is the mature ovary. Examples: Apple Trees, Orange Trees, Banana Trees