Chinese Revolution The rise of Communism

Communism – People’s Republic of China Political Spectrum - remember this? How does it apply to the Chinese revolution? Left wing M O D E R A T Right wing RADICAL LIBERAL CONSERVATIVE REACTIONARY Qing Dynasty 1644 Communism – People’s Republic of China 1949

Focus Question If communist are considered radicals, what changes do you think they are going to bring to China? The radical communists are going to change China by…

Notes Following your teacher’s guidance, create a flow chart of the events showing how China went from empire to communist dictatorship.

1. Nationalism and Modernization Kuomintang- Nationalist Party in China. Sun Yixion is the leader of the Nationalist Party. Has democratic ideals that stems from the time he spent in the United States. First President of the Republic of China. Sun Yixian emphasized the importance of industrialization and unity. Sun’s Revolutionary Alliance succeeded in overthrowing the Qing dynasty in 1912. Qing dynasty lasted from1644-1912.

2. The First Republic of China Modern government based on the “Three Principles of the People”: 1.Nationalism 2.Peoples rights 3.Peoples Livelihood Sun gives power to Yuan Shikai - Miltiary dictator(1913) Dies 1916 China is thrust into a Chaos Civil war ensues – warlords gain power and destroy everything; famine kills many

3. The May Fourth Movement May 4,1919- 3,000 angry students gather to protest the “Treaty of Versailles” The students Chanted: “Down with the European Imperialists” “Boycott Japan” Japan gained territories in China that once belonged to Germany. Chinese were upset- because they wanted that land. Mao Zedong was among the protestors.

4. Mao Zedong Helps establish the Communist Party in 1920 along with other students. Involved in the May 4th Movement. Mao develops his own brand of communism. Different from Lenin’s or Marx’s version Became the greatest Revolutionary leader in Chinese history.

(Still #4) Communism Chinese style Lenin’s and Marx’s Communism Mao’s Communism Takes place in Rural Communities where peasants will be the True Revolutionaries. Calling for a improvement to rural life. Takes place in Urban Communities with workers rising up and demanding a classless society VS.

Video Clip (9:25) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LeLuSGkXpdE

5. Nationalist and Communist clash Chiang Kai-shek - becomes the leader of the Nationalist party in 1925. Fears communist ideals and goals. April 1927, Nationalist troops and armed gangs and move into Shanghai. They killed Communist leaders and union members. Many such massacres took place in other cities. Mao survives the Shanghai Massacres. Communist party was nearly wiped out. This created a deep-seated rage that resulted in the out break of a civil-war that will last till 1949.

6. Chiang Kai-shek Chinese Government Promised democracy and political rights to all the Chinese. His government became rapidly less democratic and more corrupt. It modernized cities, but did nothing to improve the life of the rural peasants. First time China is recognized by a western power. America recognizes The Republic of China as a new government.

7. Communism and Peasants Peasants become increasingly dissatisfied with the lack of modernization in rural communities. Peasants begin to support Mao and the Communist Party. Thus, Civil-war continues.

8. Civil War Mao and his Red Army establish themselves in the hills of south-central China. They recruit peasants and train them in guerrilla warfare. Nationalist attack the Communist and repeatedly fail to drive them out.

Video Clip (10:08) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1bGzqmFOGUs&feature=mfu_in_order&list=UL

9. Long March 1933- Chiang Kai-shek gathers an army of 300,000 men to surrounded the Communist mountain stronghold. Out numbered 6-1 the communist leaders fled. This began the 6,000 mile-long march known as the “Long March” This chase lasted over a year Communist trying to outrun the nationalist They eventually settled out side of Chiang’s reach in northwest China. As a result The Communist movement rapidly gained new followers.

10. People’s Republic Of China 1949- Mao establishes the People’s Republic of China. A Communist nation. Formed a alliance with the Soviet Union (formerly Russia). Took over surrounding lands including Tibet. Land reform- divided all land among peasants, collectively live on farms. Communes – 200-300 families on one farm. Red Guards- High School/ College students recruited to lead the revolution.

Video Clip (9:23) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bkt6O4QW45s

(Still #10) People’s Republic of China The cultural revolution. Lead by the Red Guards Society of peasant and workers who were all equal. Ended in 1976 due to chaos that threaten the nation. 1976 Mao dies. China is still communist today.

Processing on a new sheet of paper Create an “I Am…” poem, completing the sentences using your notes on the Chinese Communist Revolution. Make sure they correspond with your notes. I AM a citizen of the People’s Republic of China. I HEAR I SEE I WORRY I CRY I DREAM I SAY