Asia Government

Distribution of Power

Confederation voluntary associations of independent states that, to secure some common purpose, agree to certain limitations on their power

Central Authority Confederation Ways Government Distributes Power Regional Authority

Federal a form of government in which power is divided between one central and several regional authorities

Federation / Federal Ways Government Distributes Power Regional Authority Central Authority Regional Authority

Unitary a form of government in which power is held by one central authority

Unitary Ways Government Distributes Power Regional Authority Central Authority

Citizen Participation

Oligarchic government by the few, sometimes a government in which a small group exercises control especially for corrupt and selfish purposes. The citizen has a very limited role.

Autocratic government in which one person possesses unlimited power and the citizen has little if any role in the government.

Democratic a government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving periodically held free elections.

How Governments Determine Citizen Participation Democracy OligarchicAutocratic Government Power Citizen Participation Government Power General Citizens’ Participation Government Power Citizen Participation Select Citizens’ Participation High Participation Low or No Participation

Democratic Governments

Presidential a system of government in which the president is constitutionally independent of the legislature

Parliamentary a system of government having the real executive power vested in a cabinet composed of members of the legislature who are individually and collectively responsible to the legislature. May have a Prime Minister elected by the legislature.

In Japan, the prefectures (Japan’s word for states or provinces) do not have any independent authority. Instead, they carry out the laws and policies of the national government. This is an example of what system of government? A. Unitary B. Confederation C. Federal D. parliamentary

In Japan, the prefectures (Japan’s word for states or provinces) do not have any independent authority. Instead, they carry out the laws and policies of the national government. This is an example of what system of government? A. Unitary* B. Confederation C. Federal D. parliamentary

How does a democratic government differ from an oligarchic government? A. Role of the citizen B. Law making process C. Judicial system D. Role of individual states

How does a democratic government differ from an oligarchic government? A. Role of the citizen* B. Law making process C. Judicial system D. Role of individual states

In a parliamentary government, unlike the presidential system, the head of government belongs to which branch? A. Judicial B. National C. Executive D. Legislative

In a parliamentary government, unlike the presidential system, the head of government belongs to which branch? A. Judicial B. National C. Executive D. Legislative*

Asia Government

Federal Republic of India Although India is a republic, individual states are more tightly controlled by the central government than states in the United States. India has a President and a Prime Minister. The President is the head of state while the Prime Minister is the head of government. The President is elected by an electoral college to 5- year term. The Vice-President is elected by both houses of Parliament. The Prime Minister is generally the head of the party that enjoys a majority in the legislative branch. All citizens 18 and over may vote for their legislators. Although India is a republic, individual states are more tightly controlled by the central government than states in the United States. India has a President and a Prime Minister. The President is the head of state while the Prime Minister is the head of government. The President is elected by an electoral college to 5- year term. The Vice-President is elected by both houses of Parliament. The Prime Minister is generally the head of the party that enjoys a majority in the legislative branch. All citizens 18 and over may vote for their legislators.

Pratibha Patil Pratibha Patil since 25 July 2007 Pratibha Patil The President is elected by the elected members of the Parliament of India as well as of the state legislatures and serves for a term of five years.

Manmohan Singh Manmohan Singh in office since 22 May 2004 Manmohan Singh The head of government of the Republic of India, and head of the Council of Ministers, appointed by the President to assist the latter in the administration of the affairs of the executive in India. The Prime Minister is responsible for bringing proposal of legislation. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President, and recognized as leader of the majority party in the two Houses of the Parliament of India.

The Constitutional Monarchy of Japan The Emperor of Japan (head of state) is merely a “symbol of the state.” True executive power resides with the Prime Minister (head of government), and the Cabinet of Ministers, who are part of the legislative branch of government. There are universal voting rights for all adult citizens. The Emperor of Japan (head of state) is merely a “symbol of the state.” True executive power resides with the Prime Minister (head of government), and the Cabinet of Ministers, who are part of the legislative branch of government. There are universal voting rights for all adult citizens.

 Increased population means more resources are needed to meet the needs of the growing population. Due to fears of overpopulation in China, the government has introduced a One Child Policy encouraging families to have only one child. If families have more than one child there are financial penalties.

Emperor Akihito The symbol of the state and of the unity of the Japanese people. He is the head of the Japanese Imperial Family. He is also the highest authority of the Shinto religion. Under Japan's present constitution, the Emperor is the "symbol of the state and the unity of the people," and is a ceremonial figurehead in a constitutional monarchy

Yukio Hatoyama The Prime Minister is appointed by the Emperor of Japan after being designated by the Diet from among its members, and must enjoy the confidence of the House of Representatives to remain in office. The Prime Minister is the head of the Cabinet and appoints and dismisses the Ministers of State. Yukio Hatoyama has been prime minister since 16 September 2009.

The People’s Republic of China Although China is called a republic, true power lies with the ruling Communist Party. China has a President and a Premier. The President is the head of state while the Premier is the head of government. The President and Vice-President are elected by the National People’s Congress. The Prime Minister is the head of the ruling party, the Chinese Communist Party. While there are elections for the National People’s Congress, there is truly only one political party, the Chinese Communist Party. The State Council, which functions as a cabinet, is appointed by the National People’s Congress. Although China is called a republic, true power lies with the ruling Communist Party. China has a President and a Premier. The President is the head of state while the Premier is the head of government. The President and Vice-President are elected by the National People’s Congress. The Prime Minister is the head of the ruling party, the Chinese Communist Party. While there are elections for the National People’s Congress, there is truly only one political party, the Chinese Communist Party. The State Council, which functions as a cabinet, is appointed by the National People’s Congress.

Hu JintaoHu Jintao 15 Nov Hu Jintao Currently the Paramount Leader of the People's Republic of China, holding the titles of General Secretary of the Communist Party of China since 2002, President of the People's Republic of China since 2003, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission since 2004, succeeding Jiang Zemin in the fourth generation leadership of the People's Republic of China.

COUNTRY TYPE OF GOV’T How do they become leaders in this country? Form of Leadership PersonalFreedoms? India Federal Democracy President – Electoral College Prime Minister – Head of Majority legislative branch President – head of state Prime Minister – head of gov’t 18 and older vote ChinaRepublic(fake) Lead by Communist Party President – chosen by National People’s Congress Premier (Prime Minister) – Head of the Ruling Party (Communist Party) President – head of state Premier (Prime Minister) – head of government None Japan Constitutional Monarchy Emperor – Inherited Prime Minister – chosen by the Diet and emperor gives blessing Emperor – head of state Prime Minister – head of government 18 and older vote

For example, in Japan, the emperor is the chief of state, and the prime minister is the head of government. {In the US, the president is both the chief of state and the head of government.} For example, in Japan, the emperor is the chief of state, and the prime minister is the head of government. {In the US, the president is both the chief of state and the head of government.}

Chief of state includes the name and title of the titular leader of the country who represents the state at official and ceremonial functions, but who may not be involved with the day-to-day activities of the government. Chief of state includes the name and title of the titular leader of the country who represents the state at official and ceremonial functions, but who may not be involved with the day-to-day activities of the government. Head of government includes the name and title of the top administrative leader who is designated to manage the day-to- day activities of the government. Head of government includes the name and title of the top administrative leader who is designated to manage the day-to- day activities of the government.

Based on the information above, which term identifies Japan’s government? A. federal republic B. communist state C. constitutional monarchy D. autocratic confederation The emperor holds a ceremonial role as head of state The prime minister is the head of government The government’s true power lies with the Prime Minister and the Cabinet

Based on the information above, which term identifies Japan’s government? A. federal republic B. communist state C. constitutional monarchy* D. autocratic confederation The emperor holds a ceremonial role as head of state The prime minister is the head of government The government’s true power lies with the Prime Minister and the Cabinet

Based on the information above, which term identifies India's government? A. federal republic B. communist state C. constitutional monarchy D. autocratic confederation a national government as well as 28 state governments the leader of each state legislature's majority is appointed governor by the president citizens of each state elect state legislatures

Based on the information above, which term identifies India's government? A. federal republic * B. communist state C. constitutional monarchy D. autocratic confederation a national government as well as 28 state governments the leader of each state legislature's majority is appointed governor by the president citizens of each state elect state legislatures