Carbon Compounds Chapter 2-3

Make this chart in your notes: Name of Organic Compound Chemical Composition (elements) Monomer or Polymer Examples Function(s) in Living Things Additional Information Carbohydrates (Monosaccharides) Carbohydrates (Polysaccharides) Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in ratios of 1:2:1 Living things use carbohydrates as their main source of energy. Plants and some animals also use carbohydrates for structural purposes.

Carbohydrates Carbohydrates = sugars & starches Simple sugars (monosaccharides) supply immediate energy for all cell activities. Ex: glucose & fructose Starches (polysaccharides) store extra sugar for living things. Ex: glycogen (animal starch) & cellulose (plant starch)

Lipids

Lipids Made of extremely long chains of carbon and hydrogen Lipids are large MONOMERS! Examples: fats, oils, waxes Lipids can be used for long-term energy storage. Some lipids are important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings.

Proteins

Proteins Macromolecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen Proteins are polymers of molecules called amino acids. Examples: Enzymes (saliva & catalase); Structural Proteins (muscle tissue & protein channels)

Proteins Proteins help to: Control the rate of chemical reactions (enzymes) Transport small molecules in and out of cells Fight diseases Build tissues (ex: muscles)

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids Macromolecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus Nucleic acids are put together by monomers called nucleotides. Nucleotides consist of 3 parts: a 5-carbon sugar a phosphate group a nitrogenous (nitrogen-containing) base

Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary (genetic) information. There are 2 kinds of nucleic acids: Ribonucleic acid (RNA), which contains the sugar ribose Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which contains the sugar deoxyribose

Separate each word into the category of best fit. Word Sort Activity Separate each word into the category of best fit.

Picture Posters Draw a picture of an example of the organic compound. Then draw a picture that shows the function. Tell whether it is a monomer, a polymer, or could be both. (If it is a polymer, what are the monomers called?) Tell which elements it contains.

List the 4 types of organic molecules. Give an example of each. QOD (1) List the 4 types of organic molecules. Give an example of each. What is the major biological function of each?

Bell Ringer (2) Which organic molecule(s) are monomers ONLY? Which organic molecules(s) are polymers ONLY? Which organic molecule(s) could be either a monomer or a polymer?

Get out a sheet of paper. Number 1-5. Pop Quiz Get out a sheet of paper. Number 1-5.

Question 1 1. Amino acid is to protein as a. fat is to lipid. b. DNA is to RNA. c. sugar is to fat. d. nucleotide is to nucleic acid.

Question 2 2. A monosaccharide is a a. carbohydrate. b. lipid. c. nucleic acid. d. protein.

Question 3 3. Which of the following organic compounds is the main source of energy for living things? a. carbohydrates b. lipids c. nucleic acids d. proteins

Question 4 4. Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins? a. store and transmit heredity b. help to fight disease c. control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes d. build tissues such as bone and muscle

Question 5 5. Fats, oils, and waxes are examples of a. nucleic acids b. lipids c. proteins d. carbohydrates

Organic Molecule Experts Each person in the group will read about one of the 4 organic molecules. Your job is to become an expert on that type of organic molecule. You will then present your information to the group.

Vocabulary Chart

Types of Organic Compounds There are four groups of organic compounds found in living things: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Make a 4-Flap foldable. Label 1 flap for each compound. Find the following information about each compound. 1)What are they made of? 2) Examples 3) What do they do?

QOD (5) What are the 2 organic molecules that make up the basic structure of a virus?