Charge and Matter I Charged Conductor (metal sphere) Q Uncharged Conductor (metal sphere) Q’ = 0.

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Charge and Matter I Charged Conductor (metal sphere) Q Uncharged Conductor (metal sphere) Q’ = 0

Charge and Matter I Contact, then separate

Charge and Matter I Charged Conductor (metal sphere) Q final = Q/2 Uncharged Conductor (metal sphere) Q’ final = Q/2

Charge and Matter I’ Small Conductor (metal sphere) Q Large Conductor (sphere) Q’ = 0

Charge and Matter I’ Contact, then separate

Charge and Matter I’ Small Conductor (metal sphere) Q final << Q/2 Large Conductor (sphere) Q’ final approx Q (!) “earthing” (aka “grounding”) a conductor

Charge and Matter II Charged Conductor (metal sphere) Q Uncharged Conductor (metal sphere) Q’ = 0

Charge and Matter II Charged Conductor (metal sphere) Q Split the Uncharged Conductor Q’ = 0

Charge and Matter II Charged Conductor (metal sphere) Q Separate the split the Uncharged Conductor Q left ’ < 0 Q right ’ > 0

Charge and Matter III Charged Conductor (metal sphere) Q Uncharged Insulator (glass sphere) Q’ = 0

Charge and Matter III Charged Conductor (metal sphere) Q Split the Uncharged Insulator Q’ = 0

Charge and Matter III Charged Conductor (metal sphere) Q Separate the Split Uncharged Insulator Q left ’ = 0 Q right ’ = 0

Charge and Matter IV Charged Conductor (metal sphere) Q Uncharged Insulator (glass sphere) Q’ = 0 Thales of Miletus: “a rubbed piece of amber attracts papyrus”

Matter can be “charged” The “charge” can be transferred “Charge” can be positive or negative Conductors v. Insulators “Charge” is conserved