Today’s Agenda Papers to return Chapter 3 Test – if you were absent, please sign up for clinic. Discuss Station Rotation / Ticket Out 4-1 Notes Homework – 4-1 Vocabulary

4-1 Warm-Up What do you know about where your ancestors came from? How does that compare to immigrants today?

Objectives Identify the push and pull factors that influenced immigration to the United States. Understand the settlement patterns of immigrants and their influence on American culture.

Where did your ancestors come from? Europe North America South America Asia Africa Australia Scotland Norway Italy Germany Poland Ireland Wales Mexico China Morocco Do you see a pattern? %? Why do you think this is?

Emigrate / Emigrant Immigrate / Immigrant A person who leaves a country in order to settle in a another one. Immigrate / Immigrant A person who enters another country in order to settle there.

Who came to the US? “Old Immigrants” 1840-1860 frontier Northern & Western Europe English, Irish, German, Scandinavian Mostly Protestant frontier “New Immigrants” 1860-1900 Southern & Eastern Europeans Italians, Polish, Greeks, Russians, Hungarians Asians Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Indian, Filipino Few spoke English Catholic, Jewish, Eastern Orthodox, Buddhist, Daoist cities

Why did Immigrants come to the U.S.? 25 million 1865-1915 Pull Factors (Reasons why people move to a new country) (Reasons that attract immigrants to a new country) Push Factors (Reasons why people left there homes) Europe & Asia Lack of land Jobs lost to machines Political Reasons Religious Persecution Revolution / War Poverty / Hard times Famine Population pressure USA Available Land Job Opportunities Political Freedom Religious Freedom Better Life (easier) Social Advancement Family was there

PUSH FACTORS Northern & Western Europe Poverty Famine Social inequality Political tyranny Southern & Eastern Europe -religious persecution -food shortages -military drafts -poverty -cholera epidemic (Italy) -Land shortages Asia Civil war (Taiping rebellion) Famine Land shortages unemployment

STOP. THINK. DISCUSS

Stop. Think. Discuss What are 6 push factors? What would that look like? Sound like?

How did immigrants get here? -$30 steerage ticket – bottom of the ship (roughly $700 today) -Cramped & crowded – 2,000 people -Berths stacked 3 high -Diseases spread -Livestock filled space on return trip - Little food & water If weather was good try to be up on deck

Arriving Once here, you needed to pass “inspection”

EAST COAST ELLIS ISLAND Most European Immigrants entered here. 2% denied New York Harbor – Liberty Island and Ellis Island 1892 – Ellis Island Opened, Closed in 1954 1990 – opened as a Museum

Immigrants entered here. West Coast Most Asian Immigrants entered here. ANGEL ISLAND San Francisco Bay Used After 1910

Where Immigrants Settled Major Cities – NY, Chicago, Milwaukee, Detroit Separated into ethnic groups – “patchworks” – Little Italy, Chinatown, Jewish Lower East Side Spoke the same language Practice the same religion Newspapers in homeland language

STOP. THINK. DISCUSS

Anti Immigrant Feelings Nativism – hostility toward immigrants by native-born people Religious Differences Cultural Differences Loss of jobs Union Growth

Anti Immigrant Feelings Group Reason Laws created All Immigrants Feared disease and loss of jobs Immigration Act of 1882 Quotas, 50 cent tax per person entering and anyone deemed unable to manage their own wellbeing not allowed in. Catholic Immigrants Religious differences American Protective Association Would note vote or hire Catholics Chinese Immigrants Take jobs Chinese Exclusion Act Barred Chinese for10 years and current residents could not become citizens German Immigrants Resistant to American culture Bennett Law Made attendance at public and private schools more strict – must attend English speaking schools within their parish

Please do now Journey Journal Entry 1. Where did you emigrate from? Why did you decide to emigrate? What was the journey (steerage) like? 4. What was it like at the immigration station and what immigration station are you processed through? 5. Where do you plan to go after this? 6. What obstacles might you face? 7. What are your hopes/dreams? Once you have your journal done, go back and number the answers in your journal that corresponds with the 7 questions above.

Examples Use a ship or draw the cabin