Unit Testing Part 2: Drivers and Stubs CSIS 3701: Advanced Object Oriented Programming

Testing Support Classes Support class not executable program Need another executable program to run tests Construct support objects Call methods Display/check object state for correctness Key: other “tester” program must be simple Any errors must be in support class, not tester!

NameList Example NameList.java Main.java Are errors here? Current application may not use all methods in class NameList.java Main.java Stores names Returns current names Validates list not full, name not already in list names Are errors here? Or are they in the testing tool itself?

Drivers Simple program to test other code Example: function driver for C++ sqrt function int main() { double test; while(1) { cout << “Enter test case: “; cin >> test; cout << sqrt(test) << ‘\n’; } }

main method to test these Class Drivers in Java Must be in a main method Separate testing class As main in support class itself Idea: keep testing tools as part of class Do not delete when finished testing Will need again if class modified in future NameList.java Constructors and methods main method to test these

Class Drivers in Java public static void main(String[] args) { Example: Simple driver for add method in NameList public static void main(String[] args) { NameList n = new NameList(3); while(true) { String name = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null, "Enter name"); n.add(name); JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, n.toString()); }

Class Drivers in Java public static void main(String[] args) { May need additional code for exceptions public static void main(String[] args) { NameList n = new NameList(3); while(true) { String name = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null, “Name:"); try {n.add(name);} catch (FullListException ex) { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "List full!"); } catch (InListException ex) { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, “In list!"); JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, n.toString());

Class Dependency What if your class depends on other classes? May not be available immediately if being developed by others Still need to compile and test your code Cannot afford to wait around for others! Example: Developing main visual application without working NameList class

Class Dependency Main.java NameList.java This class does not exist yet NameList constructor void add(String) int getSize() String getNameByIndex(int) boolean isIn(String) boolean isFull() NameList names This class does not exist yet Nor do these constructors or methods

NameList Example None of the following code will work! else { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { String name = nameField.getText(); if (names.isIn(name)) JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, name + " already in list"); else { names.add(name); for (int i = 0; i < names.getSize(); i++) namesArea.append(names.getNameByIndex(i) + "\n"); if (names.isFull()) addButton.setEnabled(false); }

Stubs Stub: temporary code to take place of code still in development Replaced with actual code when available Must allow thorough testing of your code All methods, branches, etc. Must be simple Easy to create Unlikely to contain own bugs

Stub Function Example Simple C++ example: void function() {} Your code: … function(); … stub code: void function() {} Function written by other developer and not currently available Simplest possible stub – will allow your code to compile and run

Stub Function Example Can include diagnostic messages to help test Is external function called at correct time? Is it called with correct parameters? Your code: … function(a); … stub code: void function(int x) { cout << “function called with “ << x << “ as parameter\n”; } Diagnostic message displayed

Stub Function Example May need to return value to help test your code Can be simple “hard wired” value Can prompt for return value if needed to test branches int function(int x) { cout << “function called with “ << x << “ as parameter\n”; cout << “What should it return?”; int y; cin >> y; return y; } b = function(a); if (b > 0) { … } else {…} function must return values greater than and less than 0 to test both branches Can perform one test that returns 1 and another that returns -1

Stub Classes Takes place of entire class during testing No state variables Stubs for constructors/methods called by your code Example: NameList stub for testing main: Stub NameList constructor  display parameter Stub add method  display parameter, prompt for whether to throw exception Stub getSize method  prompt for int to return Stub isIn method  prompt to return true or false Stub isFull method  prompt to return true or false Stub getNameByIndex method  return dummy value

NameList Stub public class NameListStub { public NameListStub(int max) { System.out.println("constructor called with "+max); } public String getNameByIndex(int index) { return "Stub Name"; public int getSize() { String response = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null, "What is list size?"); return Integer.parseInt(response);

NameList Stub public boolean isIn(String name) { String response = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null, "Is "+name+" in list?"); return response.equals("true"); } public boolean isFull() { String response = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null, "Is list full?");

NameList Stub public void add(String name) { System.out.println("add called with "+name); String response = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null, “1) No exception\n2 List full\n3) In list"); if (response.equals(“1”)) return; if (response.equals(“2”)) throw new FullListException(); if (response.equals(“3”)) throw new InListException(); } Prompt for whether to throw an exception Throw appropriate exception type (must have stubs for these also)!