For the Girl Scouts of the USA by The University of Wisconsin, WIN and ANS student sections Spring 2009 Nuclear Science and Technology Workshop

Atom The smallest piece of an elementThe smallest piece of an element Made up of protons(+), neutrons, and electrons(-)Made up of protons(+), neutrons, and electrons(-) The number of protons determines the kindThe number of protons determines the kind

Radiation The energetic particles or rays thrown out by radioactive elements or produced by X-ray machinesThe energetic particles or rays thrown out by radioactive elements or produced by X-ray machines The best term for atomic radiation is ionizing radiation, because sound waves, light waves, and radio waves are also kinds of radiationThe best term for atomic radiation is ionizing radiation, because sound waves, light waves, and radio waves are also kinds of radiation Ionizing Non-Ionizing Alpha (a) ‏ Beta (b) ‏ Gamma (g) ‏ X-Rays Neutrons Radio waves Microwaves Infrared Ultraviolet Visible Light

Background Radiation The ionizing radiation always present in nature from cosmic rays or from radioactive materials in the air, water, food, ground, building materials, and some consumer productsThe ionizing radiation always present in nature from cosmic rays or from radioactive materials in the air, water, food, ground, building materials, and some consumer products

Radiation Dose The amount of radiation received from medical X- rays, background sources, or other sourcesThe amount of radiation received from medical X- rays, background sources, or other sources

Contamination Radioactive material deposited or dispersed in materials or places where it is not wantedRadioactive material deposited or dispersed in materials or places where it is not wanted

Chain Reaction and Fission Takes place in a nuclear reactorTakes place in a nuclear reactor Makes energy by splitting atoms apartMakes energy by splitting atoms apart

Plutonium Small traces are found in the Earth's crust or created from uraniumSmall traces are found in the Earth's crust or created from uranium Some forms of this element can fissionSome forms of this element can fission

Uranium Some forms of this element can fission - used to make fuel for nuclear power plants, weakly radioactiveSome forms of this element can fission - used to make fuel for nuclear power plants, weakly radioactive Found in soil, rock and waterFound in soil, rock and water

Fusion The process that makes a whole lot of energy by putting atoms together to make a heavier nucleusThe process that makes a whole lot of energy by putting atoms together to make a heavier nucleus Not used in nuclear reactorsNot used in nuclear reactors Possible for power in the futurePossible for power in the future

Marie Curie Discovered the element PoloniumDiscovered the element Polonium Won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and Physics (only 4 people have gotten 2 prizes) ‏Won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and Physics (only 4 people have gotten 2 prizes) ‏ Founded the Curie Institute of Oncology in PolandFounded the Curie Institute of Oncology in Poland

Ida Noddack Among the first physicists to propose nuclear fissionAmong the first physicists to propose nuclear fission Discovered element 75, Rhenium, with her husbandDiscovered element 75, Rhenium, with her husband

Rosalyn Yalow Helped develop a radioisotope tracing technique that allows the measurement of tiny quantities of various biological substances in the bloodHelped develop a radioisotope tracing technique that allows the measurement of tiny quantities of various biological substances in the blood She is still alive today!She is still alive today!

Next: Group 1 goes to Station AGroup 1 goes to Station A Group 2 goes to Station BGroup 2 goes to Station B Group 3 goes to Station CGroup 3 goes to Station C Group 4 goes to Station DGroup 4 goes to Station D Group 5 goes to Station EGroup 5 goes to Station E Proceed in alphabetical order for the rest of the day (i.e. B goes to C; E goes to A) ‏Proceed in alphabetical order for the rest of the day (i.e. B goes to C; E goes to A) ‏