ORGANIZATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM D. C. Mikulecky Professor of Physiology
COMPUTERS VS BRAINS
ORGANIZATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM BRAIN SPINAL CORD CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AFFERENT NERVES EFFERENT NERVES EXTERO- RECEPTORS INTERO- RECEPTORS SOMATICAUTONOMIC EFFECTOR ORGANS SKELETAL MUSCLES SMOOTH AND CARDIAC MUSCLES AND GLANDS
THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM CONSISTS OF THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD BRAINSTEM: MIDBRAIN PONS MEDULLA FOREBRAIN: CORTEX THALAMUS AND HYPOTHALAMUS BASIL GANGLIA SPINAL CORD
MAJOR DIVISIONS OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX FRONTAL LOBE PARIETAL LOBE OCCIPITAL LOBE TEMPORAL LOBE
BRAIN VESSICLES FIRST AND SECOND (LATERAL):PRIMARY MOTOR AND SENSORY CORTEX,LIMBIC SYSTEM, BASAL GANGLIA THIRD:THALMUS AND HYPOTHALMUS FOURTH:CAUDAL BRAIN STEM AND CEREBELLUM
BRAIN VESSICLES FRONT SIDE III LV III IV LV IV
MAINTENANCE AND PROTECTION OF THE CNS Glial Cells: physical and metabolic support Skull and Spinal Column Cerebrospinal fluid Blood-brain barrier
GLIAL CELLS OR NEUROGLIA : PHYSICAL AND METABOLIC SUPPORT 90% OF CELLS IN BRAIN FOUR TYPES: ASTROCYTES, OLIGODENDROCYTES, EPENDYMAL CELLS, AND MICROGLIA
Skull and Spinal Column PROVIDE MECHANICAL SUPPORT PROTECTS THE NEURAL AND SUPPORTING TISSUE
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID DENSITY IS THE SAME AS BRAIN SHOCK ABSORBER
Blood-brain barrier LIMITS ACCESS OF BLOOD MATERIALS TO BRAIN TISSUE PROTECTS BRAIN FROM FLUCTUATIONS IN BLOOD LEVELS
WHITE AND GRAY GRAY MATTER - MAINLY CELL BODIES WHITE MATTER - MYELINATED AXONS
BASAL GANGLIA PLAY A COMPLEX ROLE IN THE CONTROL OF MOVEMENT INHIBIT MUSCLE TONE THROUGHOUT BODY SUPPRESS USELESS OR UNWANTED PATTERNS OF MOVEMENT
THALAMUS RELAY STATION HELP US DIRECT OUR ATTENTION FILTERS OUT INSIGNIFICANT SIGNALS
HYPOTHALAMUS REGULATES HOMEOSTATIC FUNCTIONS THIRST AND URINE OUTPUT FOOD INTAKE HORMONE SECRETION BODY TEMPERATURE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM’S COORDINATING CENTER
LIMBIC SYSTEM AMYGDALA HIPPOCAMPUS CORPUS CALLOSUM FORNIX CINGULATE GYRUS
LIMBIC SYSTEM COMPLEX NETWORK OF FOREBRAIN STRUCTURES EMOTIONS BASIC SURVIVAL SOCIOSEXUAL BEHAVIOR MOTIVATION LEARNING
THE SPINAL CORD IN SOMATIC SENSORY FUNCTION WHITE AND GREY MATTER SEGMENTAL ORGANIZATION
SPINAL CORD DORSAL HORN GRAY MATTER DORSAL VENTRAL SPINAL NERVE DORSAL ROOT GANGLION VENTRAL HORN WHITE MATTER LATERAL
TOUCH AND PRESSURE DORSAL COLUMN PATHWAY INCOMONG SENSORY NERVE TRAVELS UPWARD IN THE DORSAL COLUMN AND SYNAPSES IN THE DORSAL COLUMN NUCLEUS
PAIN AND TEMPERATURE ANTEROLATERAL PATHWAY
SEGMENTAL STRUCTURE OF SPINAL NERVES DERMATOMES
THE THALAMUS IN SOMATIC SENSATION MAJOR SITE FOR RECEIVING SENSORY INFORMATION VENTRAL POSTERIOR LATERAL NUCLEUS (VPL) SENDS SENSORY INFORMATION TO THE CORTEX
THE THALAMUS IN SOMATIC SENSATION DORSAL COLUMN MEDULLA MEDIAL LEMNISCUS SENSORY NEOCORTEX DORSAL COLUMN NUCLEI
SOMATOTOPIC ORGANIZATION OF THE SENSORY CORTEX
THE SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX
CORTICAL AREAS INVOVED IN MOTOR CONTROL
SOMATOTOPIC ORGANIZATION OF THE MOTOR CORTEX
MOTIVATIONAL SYSTEMS HUNGER THIRST SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
HUNGER LACK OF FOOD REDUCED AVAILABILITY OF GLUCOSE CONTRACTIONS OF EMPTY STOMACH LOW TRIGLYCERIDE LEVELS IN FAT CELLS GLUCOSE RECEPTORS IN HYPOTHALAMUS MECHANO- RECEPTORS IN STOMACH PANCREAS HUNGER
THIRST WATER DEFICIENCY OSMORECEPTORS IN SUPRAOPTIC AND SUPRA- VENTRICULAR NUCLEI OF HYPOTHALAMUS THIRST ADH SERETION BY PITUITARY WATER RETENTION BY KIDNEY
SEXUAL BEHAVIOR ANTERIOR HYPOTHALAMUS ORGANIZES RESPONSES TO PHERMONES OLIFACTORY CUES SENT TO PYRIFORM CORTEX AND AMYGDALA AND INDIRECTLY TO HYPOTHALAMUS ANDROGENS DETERMINE RELEASE OF LEUTINIZING HORMONE- CONSTANT OR CYCLIC