Media What artists use to create

Media  Artists rely on a wide variety of media and tools to create their work  Some materials have been used for centuries, while others are still fairly new innovations

More media  What the artist is trying to get across can be helped to determine by their use of media  For example, a baseball player wouldn’t need the same type of equipment as a sous chef to be successful

Main types of media  Drawing  Painting  Printmaking  Sculpture  Crafts

Drawing media  Pencil  Charcoal  Conte  Pen  Ink  Pastel

Pencil  The pencil is widely used, due in part to its versatility  Modern pencils date back to the roman stylus, a pointed tool that made delicate lines  Artists using this medium can use a variety of lines to create

charcoal  The soft, grainy quality of charcoal lends itself to the artist for help with blending and subtle shading.  Can be compressed, or vine

Conte  Conte crayons, or pastels, are a versatile tool for creating bold, bright marks  Conte goes on smoother than charcoal, but seems a lot easier than its close relative oil pastels

Ink  For Chinese and Japanese artists, ink was the preferred medium.  Ink can be used neat, or diluted. The more water, the less dark to create areas of soft shades  Shading is not necessary for a lot of ink drawings, however, bc lines typically have a lot of strength

Pen  Pen is a preferred medium for cartoonists and draftsmen.  Pen is a type of ink, but applied in a solid form of a handheld pen rather than with a brush

Pastel  Pastels are the grown up version of sidewalk chalk  Pastels can be made of chalk or oil based  Chalk pastels are similar to charcoal, whereas oil pastels are very vibrant and textured

Painting Media  Fresco  Tempera  Oil  Watercolor  Acrylic  Collage

Fresco  Fresco is one of the oldest, and most difficult, types of painting media to master  Used to decorate walls and ceilings  Surface covered with plaster, then pigment is added and the pigment bonds with the lime in the plaster  No oopsies!

Tempera  Tempera is like kinder-paint  Very versatile, easy to use and blend  Egg yolk as binder  layering

Oil  The dominant medium of European art  Very vibrant/ rich  Colors bound with linseed oil and pigment  Very long to dry

Watercolor  Used since ancient Egypt, only recently did watercolors make it big  Used to be used as a sketching medium before a finished painting  Excellent coverage

Acrylic  Latter part of the 20 th century, popularity increased  Uses polymer emulsions that stick to almost any surface, not relegated to canvas only  Easy to use, quick cleanup  Can be used heavy like oils, or in a wash to create watercolor effect

Collage  Collage begun by Picasso and Braque in France  Newest form of the painting medias  Pasting papers to a ground  Shape based

Printmaking Media  Woodcut  Intaglio  Linocut  Lithograph  Serigraph  **** began as a way to furnish art to the masses at reasonable prices

Woodcut  Relief print  Drawn image on block of wood, then cut away the negative space. Roll the wood with ink, and voila!

Intaglio  Basically, opposite of woodcut  Made from lines or crevices within a plate  To produce design, the printmaker would scratch into a metal plate either by etching (using acid) or scratching (drypoint tool) or burin tool.  Image filled with ink, wiped clean, then transferred on damp paper

Linocut  Relief printmaking but with linoleum, not wood  Ink rolled over the linoleum with a brayer, then transferred to paper

Lithograph  Difficulty level- max  Design drawn on limestone slab with a greasy crayon or ink  Water will not adhere to the crayon or ink put down  Ink spread over the surface, sticking to the greasy crayon put down  Image ready to be reproduced on paper

Serigraph  Silkscreen printing  Screen stretched on frame  Make stencil, then set stencil on surface to be printed  Ink is then spread on the screen that is over the stencil, leaving only the image left on the surface once the print is complete  Mechanical, commercial

Sculpture Media  Bronze  Steel  Wood  Marble  Plastic  Sculpture can be created a multitude of ways, additive, subtractive, modeling (forming with hands) or casting (producing from mold)

Bronze  Ancient Egyptians, Chinese, Greeks, Ife and Benin peoples were experts at bronze casting  The molten metal is poured into a cast bearing its impression

Steel  Sheet steel can be cut and welded to create sculpture  Can be polished, painted or rusted for effect

Wood  Wood is very versatile  Can be carved, nailed, filed, drilled, sanded, glued, painted, burned….etc  Warm feeling, low cost

Marble  Excellent sculpting material bc it can be polished to high gloss or left rough  Greek ideals of perfection  Elegance, richness

Plastic  Can be melted and casted, or heated and added together  More of a new concept  Can be painted and added to

Craft Media  Fibers  Glass  Clay  Furniture  Mosaics  Metalwork  Art as utility

Fibers  Early process of twining developed from a need for containers, clothing and household objects  Art as utility

Glass  Glass being so common today, its hard to think of it as being a precious material!  Egyptians used glass in jewelry, important part of King Tuts burial mask  Held perfume or other valuable oils in ancient times

Clay  Formed on potters wheel, hand sculpted or pinched  Art as utility

Furniture  Like glass, usually taken for granted!  Shaker chairs, antique furniture worth a lot  Veneer- intricate designs made with thin slices of wood

Mosaics  Bits of glass, marble, ceramic tile, pieces of wood or even seeds  Walls of churches lined with mosaics

Metalwork  Working in gold, silver, copper, bronze, iron, steel and aluminum  Evidence of competence of craftspersons

Review  Jeopardy!  Writing prompt:  What is a portrait? Does it have to look real to be considered good? Provide me with two examples from famous artists.  Find and critique an artwork that has interesting balance. Include title, year, and artist name.