Θ 13 and CP-Violation in the Lepton Sector SEESAW25 Institut Henri Poincaré, Paris Caren Hagner Universität Hamburg SEESAW25 Institut Henri Poincaré, Paris Caren Hagner Universität Hamburg (the experimental situation)

SEESAW25, Paris 10 Juin 2004 Caren Hagner Universität Hamburg Neutrino Mixing solar, Kamland θ 12 θ 23 atmospheric, K2K θ 13, δ ?? CHOOZ If Majorana: 2 additional CP-phases (not observable in oscillations, maybe in 0vββ) If Majorana: 2 additional CP-phases (not observable in oscillations, maybe in 0vββ)

SEESAW25, Paris 10 Juin 2004 Caren Hagner Universität Hamburg (Near Future) Methods to measure Θ 13 Search for appearance of v e in v μ (super) beams (subdominant oscillation at atmospheric oscill. scale) Search for disappearance of anti-v e at reactors (subdominant oscillation at atmospheric oscill. scale) Search for appearance of v e in v μ (super) beams (subdominant oscillation at atmospheric oscill. scale) Search for disappearance of anti-v e at reactors (subdominant oscillation at atmospheric oscill. scale) Medium/long term Search for appearance of v μ in v e beta-beams Neutrino factory Search for appearance of v μ in v e beta-beams Neutrino factory

SEESAW25, Paris 10 Juin 2004 Caren Hagner Universität Hamburg 3 Flavor Transition Probabilities with Δ (α)(α) (anti-v) LBL neutrino beams (in vacuum, on atmospheric osc. scale) precision on θ 23 and Δm 2 31 θ 13, δ CP, mass hierarchy but degeneracies & correlations! Reactor experiments clean measurement of θ 13 from Huber, Lindner, Rolinec, Schwetz, Winter hep-ph/

e  e (disappearance experiment) M. Apollonio et. al., Eur.Phys.J. C27 (2003) Best Limit on Θ 13 from CHOOZ for  m 2 atm = 2×10 -3 eV 2 sin 2 2θ 13 < 0.2 (90% C.L) for  m 2 atm = 2×10 -3 eV 2 sin 2 2θ 13 < 0.2 (90% C.L) P th = 8.5 GW th, L = 1,1 km, M = 5t overburden: 300 mwe Target: 5t Gd loaded (0.09%) Scintillator

SEESAW25, Paris 10 Juin 2004 Caren Hagner Universität Hamburg CHOOZ Systematic error (major sources): reactor uncertainties (2%) detector efficiency (1.5%) number of protons in liquid (0.8%) Systematic error (major sources): reactor uncertainties (2%) detector efficiency (1.5%) number of protons in liquid (0.8%)

SEESAW25, Paris 10 Juin 2004 Caren Hagner Universität Hamburg Neutrino Parameters: Global Fits ParameterBest-fit value Range (3σ) Δm × eV 2 (5.4 ÷ 9.5) × eV 2 |Δm 2 31 | 2.6 × eV 2 (1.5 ÷ 3.7) × eV 2 θ 12 (sin 2 θ 12 ) 33.2 o (0.30) 28.6 o ÷ 38.6 o θ 23 (sin 2 θ 23 ) 46.1 o (0.52) 33.8 o ÷ 58.1 o θ 13 (sin 2 θ 13 ) 4.4 o (0.006) 0 o ÷ 13.4 o (< 0.054) δ CP - 0 ÷ 2π ParameterBest-fit value Range (3σ) Δm × eV 2 (5.4 ÷ 9.5) × eV 2 |Δm 2 31 | 2.6 × eV 2 (1.5 ÷ 3.7) × eV 2 θ 12 (sin 2 θ 12 ) 33.2 o (0.30) 28.6 o ÷ 38.6 o θ 23 (sin 2 θ 23 ) 46.1 o (0.52) 33.8 o ÷ 58.1 o θ 13 (sin 2 θ 13 ) 4.4 o (0.006) 0 o ÷ 13.4 o (< 0.054) δ CP - 0 ÷ 2π Global fit including solar, atmospheric, reactor (Kamland and CHOOZ) and accelerator (K2K) data. M. Maltoni, T.Schwetz, A.M.Tortola, J.W.F.Valle, Phys. Rev. D68 (2003) , hep-ph/ Global fit including solar, atmospheric, reactor (Kamland and CHOOZ) and accelerator (K2K) data. M. Maltoni, T.Schwetz, A.M.Tortola, J.W.F.Valle, Phys. Rev. D68 (2003) , hep-ph/ Fixing Δm 2 atm = 2 × eV 2 they obtain at 90%C.L. (3σ): sin 2 θ 13 ≤ (0.066) sin 2 2θ 13 ≤ 0.14 (0.25)

SEESAW25, Paris 10 Juin 2004 Caren Hagner Universität Hamburg Overview: Experiments T2K NOVA from Huber, Lindner, Rolinec, Schwetz, Winter hep-ph/ Starting 2009 Starting

SEESAW25, Paris 10 Juin 2004 Caren Hagner Universität Hamburg CNGS Neutrino Beam Cern to Gran Sasso: 732km, = 17GeV Possible channels: v μ → v T appearance v μ → v μ disappearance v μ → v e appearance Possible channels: v μ → v T appearance v μ → v μ disappearance v μ → v e appearance sin 2 2θ 13

SEESAW25, Paris 10 Juin 2004 Caren Hagner Universität Hamburg OPERA: Sensitivity to θ or 7 o Fitting simultaneously E e, miss. p T, E vis method: v e appearance in v μ beam (ε e = 0.7) background: e from τ decay, v e beam contamination, v μ CC events with missing muon (+ another track mimicking e), v μ NC events with neutral pions

SEESAW25, Paris 10 Juin 2004 Caren Hagner Universität Hamburg OPERA: Time Schedule Nov 2003: SM1 magnet RPC installation (ok) Sep 2004: SM1 target installation Jan 2005: BAM and BMS installation July 2005: start filling bricks May 2006: start neutrino beam Nov 2003: SM1 magnet RPC installation (ok) Sep 2004: SM1 target installation Jan 2005: BAM and BMS installation July 2005: start filling bricks May 2006: start neutrino beam

SEESAW25, Paris 10 Juin 2004 Caren Hagner Universität Hamburg MINOS Initial conditions: LE option → below τ threshold (3.1GeV) 2.5×10 20 pot/year New request to Fermilab: 25×10 20 pot in 5 years

SEESAW25, Paris 10 Juin 2004 Caren Hagner Universität Hamburg MINOS: How to measure θ 13 + near detector far detector at Soudan Mine: steel & scintillator tracking calorimeter target mass: 5.4 ktons signal: v e appearance in v μ beam (ε e = 0.28) background: e from τ decay (after v μ → v τ ), v e beam contamination (~ 1%), v μ CC events with missing muon (+ another track mimicking e), v μ NC events with neutral pions signal: v e appearance in v μ beam (ε e = 0.28) background: e from τ decay (after v μ → v τ ), v e beam contamination (~ 1%), v μ CC events with missing muon (+ another track mimicking e), v μ NC events with neutral pions

SEESAW25, Paris 10 Juin 2004 Caren Hagner Universität Hamburg MINOS: Time Schedule far detector completed in july 2003 now taking atmospheric neutrino data near detector installation has started beam commissioning starts Dec physics running starts in April 2005 goal in first year: 2.5×10 20 pot far detector completed in july 2003 now taking atmospheric neutrino data near detector installation has started beam commissioning starts Dec physics running starts in April 2005 goal in first year: 2.5×10 20 pot

SEESAW25, Paris 10 Juin 2004 Caren Hagner Universität Hamburg Comparison MINOS, ICARUS, OPERA from Huber, Lindner, Rolinec, Schwetz, Winter hep-ph/

SEESAW25, Paris 10 Juin 2004 Caren Hagner Universität Hamburg Comparison MINOS, ICARUS, OPERA from Huber, Lindner, Rolinec, Schwetz, Winter hep-ph/

SEESAW25, Paris 10 Juin 2004 Caren Hagner Universität Hamburg … comparision continued from Huber, Lindner, Rolinec, Schwetz, Winter hep-ph/ After 5 years running (90% C.L.) all combined: sin 2 2θ 13 ≤ 0.06 (90%CL)

SEESAW25, Paris 10 Juin 2004 Caren Hagner Universität Hamburg Dependence on Δm 2 21

SEESAW25, Paris 10 Juin 2004 Caren Hagner Universität Hamburg J-PARC Neutrino Facility approved on Dec construction from (JFY) beam line and near 280m (without 2km detector) start experiment in 2009 approved on Dec construction from (JFY) beam line and near 280m (without 2km detector) start experiment in 2009 Off-axis beam: 1,2,3 o tuned to osc.maximum

T2K: → →

T2K: Sensitivity to θ 13 →

SEESAW25, Paris 10 Juin 2004 Caren Hagner Universität Hamburg Numi Off-Axis Experiment: NOVA (L = 820km) Off-axis beam neutrino energy

SEESAW25, Paris 10 Juin 2004 Caren Hagner Universität Hamburg NUMI Off-Axis: Detectors on the surface target mass ~ 50ktons active material: scintillator or RPC passive material: particle board on the surface target mass ~ 50ktons active material: scintillator or RPC passive material: particle board RPC detector Scintillator detector

SEESAW25, Paris 10 Juin 2004 Caren Hagner Universität Hamburg NUMI Off-Axis: Identification of v e v e event v μ event

SEESAW25, Paris 10 Juin 2004 Caren Hagner Universität Hamburg NUMI Off-Axis: Sensitivity to θ 13 Time Schedule: R&D proposal submitted full proposal now start construction Oct06 data taking with 25% of detector in 2008 Time Schedule: R&D proposal submitted full proposal now start construction Oct06 data taking with 25% of detector in 2008

SEESAW25, Paris 10 Juin 2004 Caren Hagner Universität Hamburg Reactor Neutrino Experiments Europe: Double CHOOZ US: Diablo Canyon, Braidwood, China, Brazil Japan: KASKA Europe: Double CHOOZ US: Diablo Canyon, Braidwood, China, Brazil Japan: KASKA Idea: similar to CHOOZ reactor experiment, but use near and far detector to reduce systematic error

SEESAW25, Paris 10 Juin 2004 Caren Hagner Universität Hamburg Near detector 5-30 tons > 50 mwe Near detector 5-30 tons > 50 mwe Far detector 5-30 tons > 200 mwe Far detector 5-30 tons > 200 mwe D 1 = 0-1 km D 2 = 1-2 km e e, ,   Isotrope e flux (uranium & plutonium fission fragments)  Detection tag : e + p  e + + n, ~ 4 MeV, Threshold ~1.8 MeV  Disappearance experiment: suppression+shape distorsion between the 2 detectors  2 IDENTICAL detectors (CHOOZ, KamLAND, BOREXINO/CTF type) Minimize the uncertainties on reactor flux & spectrum (2 % in CHOOZ) Cancel cross section uncertainty (1.9 %) Challenge: relative normalisation between the two detectors < 1% ! Reactor Neutrino Experiments: Method near atm. oscill. maximum

SEESAW25, Paris 10 Juin 2004 Caren Hagner Universität Hamburg Reactor Experiments: Sites

SEESAW25, Paris 10 Juin 2004 Caren Hagner Universität Hamburg Near site: D~ m, overburden mwe Far site: D~1.1 km, overburden 300 mwe TypePWR Cores2 Power8.4 GW th Couplage1996/1997 (%, in to 2000)66, 57 ConstructeurFramatome OpérateurEDF Chooz-Far Chooz-Near Double CHOOZ Th. Lasserre m 1050 m 12.7 m 3

SEESAW25, Paris 10 Juin 2004 Caren Hagner Universität Hamburg Far Detector Non-scintillating buffer: scintillateur+quencher DMP (r+0.95m,, V=100 m 3 )  -catcher: 80% dodécane + 20% PXE (r+0,6m – V= 28,1 m 3 ) 7 m - target: 80% dodécane + 20% PXE + 0.1% Gd (r=1,2m, h = 2,8m, 12,7 m 3 ) Th. Lasserre Use existing CHOOZ hall again!

SEESAW25, Paris 10 Juin 2004 Caren Hagner Universität Hamburg Double-CHOOZ Signal

SEESAW25, Paris 10 Juin 2004 Caren Hagner Universität Hamburg Sensitivity for θ 13 : Comparison reactor experiment of D - CHOOZ size: sin 2 2θ 13 ≤ (90%CL) at 90% CL from Huber, Lindner, Rolinec, Schwetz, Winter hep-ph/

SEESAW25, Paris 10 Juin 2004 Caren Hagner Universität Hamburg Dependence on Δm 2 31

SEESAW25, Paris 10 Juin 2004 Caren Hagner Universität Hamburg What can we learn about δ? …if θ 13 is round the corner (sin 2 2θ 13 = 0.1) Complementarity of accelerator and reactor experiments is very important!

SEESAW25, Paris 10 Juin 2004 Caren Hagner Universität Hamburg Concluding Overview from Huber, Lindner, Rolinec, Schwetz, Winter hep-ph/

SEESAW25, Paris 10 Juin 2004 Caren Hagner Universität Hamburg Ende