Barrier Islands ….

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Presentation transcript:

Barrier Islands …

Complex sedimentary systems with a variety of subenvironments Beach and shoreface Lagoon and/or tidal flat Tidal inlet and tidal deltas …

Development and morphology of barrier islands depends on coastal gradient (usually form on shallow slopes) and tidal range/wave energy … Tidal Range <2 m 2-4 m >4 m

Microtidal, wave-dominated barrier islands, Texas Back-Barrier Lagoon Tidal Inlet 30 km …

Mesotidal, tide-dominated barrier islands (Savannah, GA) Back-Barrier Tidal Flat 10 km …

Meso- to macrotidal barrier islands (Brazil) Back-Barrier Mangrove Swamp 10 km …

Prograding barrier islands, Gulf of Carpentaria (Australia) Arid Back-Barrier Tidal Flat 5 km …

Microtidal barriers are rarely overtopped by high tides, so tidal channels rare; dominance by wave processes (washover lobes and flood tidal deltas) instead … Tidal Range <2 m 2-4 m >4 m

Form by storm surge deposition of sand in the back-barrier or lagoon Washover fans are common constituents of microtidal, storm-influenced barriers Form by storm surge deposition of sand in the back-barrier or lagoon …

Mesotidal barriers are more frequently overtopped by high tides; have more numerous tidal inlets and dominance by tidal currents … Tidal Range <2 m 2-4 m >4 m

Tidal deltas and inlet are present in all barrier islands but more numerous (and more important in rock record) as tidal range increases Ebb tidal delta Flood tidal delta Migrating tidal inlet

Tidal inlet Tidal inlet Incoming (flood) current fastest on margins Outgoing (ebb) current fastest in channel base

Rapid lateral migration due to erosion and longshore sediment drift Deep channels, slow lateral migration

Tidal inlet ravinement may erode flood tidal delta and lagoon sediments … In retrograding barrier islands, shoreface wave ravinement surface typically removes beach and dune facies

A ravinement surface can be a sequence stratigraphic surface (Transgressive Ravinement Surface) if it separates systems tracts Ravinement surfaces can occur within systems tracts (TST below, TST above) and are called “within-trend” wave or tidal ravinement surfaces