Biodiversity and Energy Flow Environmental Science Mr. Nelson

Standards ► – I can trace energy flow from the sun through living things. ► – I can diagram an energy/food pyramid that illustrates the “Rule of 10”. ► – I can create a food web characteristic of Tennessee composed of at least 4 trophic levels. ► – I can describe how species diversity relates to ecosystem stability.

I. Energy Flow A.) All energy initially comes from the _____. 1.) Producer - plants that take in sunlight to make their own food (_______________) 2.) Consumers - organisms that get their energy from eating other organisms

I.Energy Flow 2.) Consumers a.) Herbivore - eats plants b.) Carnivore - eats meat c.) Omnivore - eats plants and meat d.) Decomposer - breaks down dead organisms

I. Energy Flow B.) Food Chains and Food Webs - sequence through which energy is transferred from one organisms to the next as each organism eats another organism.

I. Energy Flow B.) Food Chains and Food Webs 1.) Trophic Levels a.) producers: __________ b.) primary consumers: eat __________ c.) secondary consumers: eat ________ d.) tertiary consumers: eat __________

I. Energy Flow B.) Food Chains and Food Webs - create a food chain using the following organisms: Codfish, Killer Whale, Krill, Algae, Leopard Seal Algae -> Krill -> Codfish -> Seal -> Orca

I. Energy Flow C.) Food Pyramids - shows loss of energy through each level - “Rule of 10”: only 10% of energy is passed on to each trophic level - # of organisms go ___ as you go up the pyramid

I. Energy Flow D.) Biodiversity - different types of organisms - Why is high biodiversity important?

Standards ► – I can develop a visual display to compare and contrast primary and secondary succession in one of Earth’s major biomes or aquatic habitats. ► – I can explain how human activities such as lawn mowing, gardening, farming, logging, planting trees, mining, and urban development advance, halt, or slow succession.

II. Ecological Succession - Gradual process of change and replacement of some or all species in a community. A.) Primary Succession - occurs where no ecosystem existed before - rocks, sand dunes, new islands - very very slow

II. Ecological Succession B.) Secondary Succession - occurs where an ecosystem previously existed. - fires, storms, floods, earthquakes, volcanoes

Secondary Succession

II. Ecological Succession C.) Pioneer Species - first organisms to colonize an area and make it habitable for other species. D.) Climax Community - final and stable community - may take many many years for this to be reached

II. Ecological Succession E.) Explain how the following human activities advance, halt, or slow succession. 1.) Lawn Mowing 2.) Gardening 3.) Logging 4.) Planting Trees 5.) Mining 6.) Urban Development

Standard ► – I can draw and explain diagrams illustrating each of the following biogeochemical cycles: water, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous.

III. Cycling of Materials A.) Water Cycle 1.) Evaporation 2.) Condensation 3.) Precipitation

III. Cycling of Materials B.) Carbon Cycle 1.) Created - respiration - dead stuff - wastes - emissions 2.) Used - photosynthesis - plants

III. Cycling of Materials C.) Nitrogen Cycle - Atmosphere=78% N - Lightning converts it into usable nitrates into usable nitrates - Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria - transform N into usable form usable form

III. Cycling of Materials C.) Nitrogen Cycle - Plants get N from the soil. soil. - Animals get N from eating plant or animals. eating plant or animals. - Decomposers: break down wastes and return down wastes and return N to soil N to soil

III. Cycling of Materials D.) Phosphorous Cycle - movement of phosphorous from env. to organisms and back to env. - rarely occurs as a gas

III. Cycling of Materials D.) Phosphorous Cycle 1.) Weather of phosphate from rocks puts it into the soil

III. Cycling of Materials D.) Phosphorous Cycle 2.) plants get phosphorous from the soil and water

III. Cycling of Materials D.) Phosphorous Cycle 3.) Herbivores get phosphorous from eating plants

III. Cycling of Materials D.) Phosphorous Cycle 4.) Carnivores get phosphorous from eating other animals

III. Cycling of Materials D.) Phosphorous Cycle 5.) returns to soil as waste product from animals and when animals die and decompose

Chapter Review ► Pg (1-26, 28-32)