The Road to Revolution, Although the American colonists resisted tighter British controls after 1763, the crisis erupted into a colonial revolution that began in New England. Imperial Controls Crisis in the Colonies War

I. Imperial Controls A.British Colonial Policy, pre Economic Policy: Unregulated Mercantilism a.Navigation Acts, Political Policy: Decentralized government a.Royal Veto used sparingly b.Whig influence B.British Colonial Policy, post Economic Policy: Regulated Mercantilism a.Restricted lax bankruptcy laws b.Sugar Act raised but lowered c.Currency Act addressed currency crisis d.Quartering Act to house troops 2.Political Policy: Centralized government a.Royal veto (used sparingly 469/8563) b.Virtual representation

II. Crisis in Colonies A.Stamp Act, Purpose: Raise revenue to pay for troop deployment a. Admiralty courts 2.Colonial Reaction a.Legislation v. taxation b.Stamp Act Congress c.Nonimportation of British goods d.Sons and Daughters of Liberty 3.British Reaction a.Declaratory Act B.Townsend Acts, Colonial Reactions a.Boston Massacre, 1770 b.Gaspee Incident, 1771 c.Committee of Correspondence, 1772

II. Crisis in Colonies (cont.) C.Tea Act, Boston Tea Party D.Intolerable (Coersive Acts), Boston Port Act 2.MA Government Act 3.Administration of Justice Act 4.Quartering Act 5.Quebec Act, 1773 E.Colonial Response 1.Continental Congress, 1774 a.Declaration of Rights and Resolves b.The Association 2.Colonial Militias a.Paul Revere/William Dawes b.Lexington, April 20, 1775 c.Concord (273 v. 95)

Great Britain by 1775 STRENGTHS Pop favored GB (7.5 to 2.5) GB had more $ Slaves joined GB Indians joined GB GB had 50,000 army GB hired 30,000 army GB enlisted 50,000 Loyalists WEAKNESSES Overcome enormous distances America too large Poor leadership GB had to win Ireland & France Whigs cheering American victory

American Colonies by 1775 STRENGTHS Outstanding leadership $ from France Military aid from France Defensive war Agriculturally self- sustaining Better marksman Moral advantage WEAKNESSES Badly organized Colonial rivalry Economic difficulties Military problems Low morale in Revolutionary Army Greed among profiteers Only select few truly committed

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Vocabulary, Chapter 7 1.John Hancock 2.Lord North 3.George Grenville 4.Samuel Adams 5.Charles Townshend 6.John Adams 7.Crispus Attucks 8.Marquis de Lafayette 9.King George III 10.Baron von Steuben 1.Mercantilism 2.Nonimportation agreement 3.“Virtual” representation 4.Quebec Act 5.Navigation Acts 6.Declaratory Act 7.First Continental Congress 8.Sugar Act 9.Townshend Acts 10.Quartering Acts 11.Boston Massacre 12.Stamp Act 13.Committees of correspondence 14.Boston Tea Party 15.Stamp Act Congress 16.Intolerable Acts

Matching Cause and Effect Cause 1.America’s distance from Britain and the growth of colonial self-government 2.British mercantilism 3.The large British debt incurred defending the colonies in the French and Indian War 4.Passage of the Stamp Act 5.British troops sent to enforce order in Boston 6.The British government’s attempt to maintain the East India Company’s tea monopoly 7.The Boston Tea Party 8.The Intolerable Acts 9.A British attempt to seize the colonial militia’s gunpowder supplies 10.The Continental Congress’s reluctance to tax Americans for war Effect a.Prompted the summoning of the First Continental Congress b.Led Grenville to propose the Sugar Act, Quartering Act, and Stamp Act c.Precipitated the Battle of Lexington and Concord d.Fired on colonial citizens in the Boston Massacre e.Prompted passage of the Intolerable Acts, including the Boston Port Act f.Resulted in the printing of large amounts of paper currency and skyrocketing inflation g.Enforced restrictions on colonial manufacturing, trade, and paper currency h.Led to gradual development of a colonial snese of independence years before the Revolution i.Spurred patriots to stage Boston Tea Party j.Was greeted in the colonies by the nonimportation agreements, the Stamp Act Congress, and the forced resignation of stamp agents

Cause and Effect Answers 1.H 2.G 3.B 4.J 5.D 6.I 7.E 8.A 9.C 10.F