+ Warm Up 2/17 What are iron triangles?

+ Objective To assess knowledge of the bureaucracy

+ Quiz Time!

+

+ re-Warm Up 1. Which court was created by Article III of the Constitution?

+ Objectives SWBAT Describe the structure and function of the courts.

+ Organization of State & Federal Courts The Dual Court System

+ What are the 3 types of federal courts? Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeals District Courts

+ Federal Courts United States District Court Judge with jury Original jurisdiction Hear civil & criminal cases 94 (at least 1 per state) Over 550 judges

+ Federal Courts United States District Court-Types of Cases Civil actions arising under the Constitution, laws, and treaties of the United States Certain civil actions between citizens of different states Civil actions within the admiralty or maritime jurisdiction of the United States Criminal prosecutions brought by the United States Civil actions in which the United States is a party

+ Federal Courts United States Circuit Court of Appeals Judges-no jury Appellate jurisdiction 13 (12 Circuits and 1 U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (the 13th Court)) 6-27 judges at each court

+ Federal Courts United States Supreme Court Justices-no jury Appellate and limited original jurisdiction 1 court with 9 Justices

+ USSC Original Jurisdiction In cases involving ambassadors & other foreign officials states as a party

+ What kinds of cases go through our court system?  Criminal cases – when a law has been broken, determines guilt or innocence of the accused  Felony: major crime  Misdemeanor: minor crime  Petty: very minor crime  Civil cases – when a person has been hurt or wronged in some way Broken contracts, damage to property, divorce, etc.

+ How do I know if my case is tried at the state level? Crimes under state legislation. State constitutional issues and cases involving state laws or regulations. Family law issues. Real property issues. Most private contract disputes (except those resolved under bankruptcy law). Most issues involving the regulation of trades and professions. Most professional malpractice issues. Most issues involving the internal governance of business associations such as partnerships and corporations. Most personal injury lawsuits. Most workers' injury claims. Probate and inheritance matters. Most traffic violations and registration of motor vehicles.

+ How do I know if my case is tried at the federal level? Crimes under statuses enacted by congress. Most cases involving federal laws or regulations (for example: tax, Social Security, broadcasting, civil rights) Matters involving interstate and international commerce, including airline and railroad regulation. Cases involving securities and commodities regulation, including takeover of publicly held corporations. Admiralty cases. International trade law matters. Patent, copyright, and other intellectual property issues. Cases involving rights under treaties, foreign states, and foreign nationals. State law disputes when "diversity of citizenship" exists. Bankruptcy matters. Disputes between states. Habeas corpus actions. Traffic violations and other misdemeanors occurring on certain federal property.

+ How do you know which level of court to go to? Jurisdiction – the authority or legal power to hear and decide cases Original jurisdiction – authority of a court to first try a case Appellate jurisdiction – authority of a court to review decisions of lower courts

Former Ravens running back Jamal Lewis strains to get the ball across the plane for a touchdown.

Why does Coach Cowher throw the red flag?

What is the referee doing?

And the decision is… What does this have to do with original and appellate jurisdiction?

+ What do you know about the Supreme Court?  What does the Supreme Court do?  How does someone become a Supreme Court Justice?  How does a case get to the Supreme Court?  What kinds of cases are heard by the Supreme Court?

+ What does the Supreme Court do? Main job is to interpret the law Judicial Review – decides cases that raise questions of constitutional interpretation Allows court to invalidate both federal and state laws that conflict with the Constitution

+ How do you become a Supreme Court Judge? What are the qualifications? None!

+ How does someone get appointed to the Supreme Court?  Appointed by the President and approved by the Senate Once approved, they have the job for life Only ways to leave is by resigning, retiring, dying or being impeached

So can the president make anyone a Supreme Court Justice? Harriet Myers Nominated by George W. Bush Previous exp: Bush’s personal lawyer Never a judge No experience w/ constitutional law Nomination withdrawn b/c of Senate disapproval

+ What kinds of cases are heard by the USSC?  Only chooses to hear cases that present a pressing constitutional issue Ex: the constitutionality of segregated public facilities USSC only hears about of the 7500 cases that are sent to the court each year

+ USSC Original Jurisdiction In cases involving: ambassadors and other foreign officials states as a party

+ Which of the following is TRUE of the Supreme Court? A. The chief justice is the only elected member of the Court B. Has original jurisdiction in cases involving states C. Must hear all cases that are referred to the Court D. Justices are nominated by Congress with presidential approval

What if fans could fire referees who made unpopular decisions? How would this affect the referees?

+ An independent judiciary ge/an-independent-judiciary