Matter – Properties and Changes 8/31/2009

MATTER Properties of Matter Matter Anything that has mass and volume Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object Substance Matter that has a uniform and definite composition Pure substances only contain 1 kind of matter

Physical Property Quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substances composition. Examples Color / Odor Solubility Hardness Density Melting point Boiling point

States of Matter Solids Has definite shape and definite volume Incompressible, cannot be squashed into smaller volume Expand only slightly when heated

Liquids Has no definite shape, but has a definite volume Can flow, (Viscosity - resistance to flow of a liquid) will take the shape of the container Incompressible, but they expand when heated Gases Has no definite shape and no definite volume Particles are spaced far apart, take the shape of the container Gases are easily compressed

Particles are spaced far apart, take the shape of the container Gases are easily compressed Physical changes Changes that do not alter the chemical composition or phase changes Examples of phase changes or states –Boil - liquid to a gas –Freeze - liquid to a solid –Condensation - gas to a liquid –Sublimation - solid to a gas –Grind/crush - make big pieces smaller

–MIXTURES Physical blend of 2 or more pure substances 2 types of mixtures Heterogeneous mixture not uniform in composition example would be a dinner salad Homogenous mixture completely uniform in composition components are evenly distributed example is salt water

C. Solutions Homogeneous mixtures with uniform composition Can be solids liquids, or gases All portions have the same mixture Are in single phase whereas heterogeneous are in 2 phases Common types of Solutions

SystemExamples Gas-gasCarbon dioxide and oxygen in nitrogen (air) Liquid-gasWater vapor in air (moist air) Gas-liquidCarbon dioxide in water (soda water) Liquid-liquidAcetic acid in water (vinegar) Solid-liquidSodium chloride in water Solid-solidCopper in solver(sterling silver, an alloy)

D. Separating Mixtures Can be separated by simple physical means Filtration- technique that uses a porous barrier to separate solid from a liquid Distillation-separation technique that is based on differences in boil Points of the substances involved Crystallization-separation technique that results in the formation of pure particles of a substance from a solution containing dissolved substances Chromatography-technique that separates the components of a mixture (the traveling phase) on the basis of the tendency of each to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material (called the stationary phase).

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