Ch. 16 World War Looms US History

Ch. 16 Sec 1 – Dictators threaten World Peace Nationalism grips Europe and Asia – The World War I peace treaty had many failures. It left Germany and other European countries angry and resentful towards the Allied nations. – Germany’s economic problems overwhelmed the new democratic government set up there after WWI. – Germany and Russia were resentful for how the treaty carved up their borders and stripped them of their colonies. – People began turning to authoritarian leaders to solve their problems and dictators easily took power.

Ch. 16 Sec 1 – Dictators threaten World Peace

Joseph Stalin takes over Russia – Russia became a communist state in 1922, lead by Lenin. After he dies, Joseph Stalin took control. – He set up a totalitarian government. Individuals have no rights and the government stops all opposition. – Stalin made Russia the second leading industrial power after the U.S. – Stalin eliminated anyone who threatened his power. No one knows for sure, but it is estimated that 8 to 13 million of his own people were killed by him.

Ch. 16 Sec 1 – Dictators threaten World Peace Mussolini takes over Italy – Unemployment and strikes in Italy caused the upper and middle classes to demand strong leadership. – Mussolini established the Fascist Party, which stresses nationalism and the interest of the state over the individual. – Mussolini crushed all opposition and made Italy a totalitarian state.

Ch. 16 Sec 1 – Dictators threaten World Peace Hitler takes over Germany – After WWI, Hitler was a jobless soldier drifting around Germany. He joined a small political group called the Nationalist Socialist German Workers Party, better known as the Nazi Party. – Hitler was a powerful speaker and organizer and soon became leader of the Nazi Party, promising to bring Germany out of all the chaos.

Ch. 16 Sec 1 – Dictators threaten World Peace – He wrote a book called Mein Kampf (My Struggle). In it, he wrote the basic beliefs of Nazism that became the plan of action for the Nazi Party. – He has a 3 part plan: – 1) He wanted to enforce racial purification. He believed that the master race was the blue-eyed, blond haired Aryans and they were to rule the world. Everyone else was considered inferior and were fit onlt to serve them.

Ch. 16 Sec 1 – Dictators threaten World Peace – 2) Hitler dreamed of uniting all German- speaking people in a great German Empire. – 3) Hitler believed that for Germany to survive as an Empire, it needed more “lebenstraum” (living space). One of Hitler’s goals was to get more land, even if he had to do so by force.

Ch. 16 Sec 1 – Dictators threaten World Peace – The many unemployed joined his army. – By 1932, the Nazi Party was the strongest political party in Germany. – By 1933, Hitler was made chancellor of Germany. He replaced democracy with his Third Reich or Third German Empire.

Ch. 16 Sec 1 – Dictators threaten World Peace Militarists take over Japan – Nationalistic military leaders took control of the Japanese government. – They invaded China’s Manchurian Province and took it by force. – The League of Nations condemned Japan’s actions and put embargos in place. Japan quit the League. – Top leaders: Emperor Hirohito and Prime Minister Tojo.

Ch. 16 Sec 1 – Dictators threaten World Peace Germany and Italy Invade – When the League of Nations did nothing to Japan, the dictators of Europe noticed. – Germany built up its military and sent forces to the border of France and Belgium and the League again did nothing. – Mussolini invaded Ethiopia and the League boycotted Italy. The Ethiopian King pleaded for assistance, but no one helped.

Ch. 16 Sec 1 – Dictators threaten World Peace Franco controls Spain – A group of Spanish military officers, lead by Francisco Franco, rebelled against the Spanish republic. – The Spanish Civil War broke out and Franco took control. He turned Spain into a Fascist state. – Hitler and Mussolini backed Franco. Hitler and Mussolini signed an alliance called the Rome- Berlin Axis.

Ch. 16 Sec 1 – Dictators threaten World Peace Isolationism in America – Anti-war feelings were strong in the US due to WWI and the Great Depression. – Roosevelt tried to remain neutral, but Japan attacked China again, so Roosevelt sent arms and supplies to China. – The U.S. remained neutral for the time being.

Ch. 16 Sec 2 – War in Europe Austria and Czechoslovakia Fall – Hitler marched into Austria and took it without a protest. – Hitler was then set on annexing Czechoslovakia because it had a large German speaking population. – France and Great Britain promised to protect Czechoslovakia. – Hitler met with the leaders of France and G.Britain and promised if they let him have it, he would not invade any other place. They believed him…..smh….

Ch. 16 Sec 2 – War in Europe The Soviet Union Declares Neutrality – Poland is located in between Russia and Germany. – There is a large German speaking population in Poland. – Hitler claimed that the Poles were mistreating them and they needed his protection. – Some thought he wouldn’t do it because Russia would take it as a threat because they are next door.

Ch. 16 Sec 2 – War in Europe – Stalin surprised everyone and signed a nonaggression pact with Hitler that said they would never attack each other and would divide Poland between them. – Poland was invaded by both of them.

Ch. 16 Sec 2 – War in Europe Blitzkrieg (Lighting War) in Poland – Hitler invaded Poland fast and hard, using the newest military technologies. – Two-third’s of Poland’s population lived in the areas that Germany occupied. – France and Britain, who had promised military aid to Poland, declared war on Germany. – WWII had begun.

Ch. 16 Sec 2 – War in Europe Next Hitler invaded Denmark and Norway, then the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg. Stalin invaded Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Within one year, Hitler had taken 8 countries and had his sights set on France.

Ch. 16 Sec 2 – War in Europe The Fall of France – Hitler invaded France from the north through Belgium and Italy invaded France from the south. The French and British had to retreat.

Ch. 16 Sec 2 – War in Europe The Battle of Britain – Germany launched an air war against Great Britain. – Every night for 2 months straight, the German planes bombed London. – The Royal Air Force (RAF) finally defeated the German air force and were the reason Hitler never entered England.