 A document granting rights to both the Church in England and the Nobility signed by King John in This is considered to be the beginning of British democracy.

 ( ) King of England who transformed his country into a Protestant nation during the Reformation.

 Edward VII- ruled for 6 years ( Inherited throne at 9, and died at 16)  Mary I- ruled for 5 years  Elizabeth I- ruled for 45 years

 Bloody Mary  After her brother’s death, there was a showdown with Lady Jane Grey for the throne.  Mary became Queen of England, married Phillip II to ally with Spain against England, and persecuted Protestants during her reign  Died without an heir

 Succeeded her sister to the throne  ehub3_ep-1-elizabeth-i-from-the- prison-to_shortfilms#rel-page-1 ehub3_ep-1-elizabeth-i-from-the- prison-to_shortfilms#rel-page-1  Worked well with Parliament, making her a popular and successful ruler  Ruled over a Golden Age in England  Shakespeare wrote his plays during her reign  England became a world power with the defeat of the Spanish Armada

 Son of Mary Queen of Scots, Elizabeth’s cousin. Elizabeth had Mary beheaded for plotting with Spain against her and encouraging a Catholic uprising.  Since Elizabeth had no heir to the throne, James I became King.  James I inherited financial problems left over from Henry and Elizabeth  James I clashed with Parliament over money  He also clashed with the Puritans  Is famous for having the Bible translated into English- King James Bible

 Son of James I  Inherited the throne in 1625  Behaved like an absolute monarch, imprisoning his enemies without trial  Summoned Parliament to raise taxes, but they forced him to sign the Petition of Right  Signed Petition of Right, then turned around and ignored it, dismissing Parliament and ruling without them for eleven years  In 1640, he had to summon Parliament for funds to put down an uprising by Scottish Protestants (Calvinists), but Parliament responded by executing Charles’ chief ministers  Civil War

  Cavaliers v Roundheads  Cavaliers- supporters of Charles I  Roundheads- supporters of Parliament  Roundheads were led by Oliver Cromwell, a skilled military general  Roundheads captured the king and put him on trial 

 Oliver Cromwell, a Puritan, takes control of the government  England becomes a republic  Cromwell puts down uprisings in Catholic Ireland  Cromwell becomes Lord Protector and turns England into a quasi-military dictatorship  People become weary of Cromwell’s Puritan values- he shuts down theaters and taverns, restricts many forms of dance, and outlaws gambling.  Oliver Cromwell died in 1658  Puritans lose power in England

Persecution of Catholics in Ireland

 Invited back to England by Parliament to take the throne  Although he had secret Catholic leanings and yearned to an absolute monarch, he avoided any clashes with Parliament  His rule is uneventful

 Inherits throne from his brother Charles II  Flaunts his Catholic faith  Declares divine right  Suspends laws whenever feels like it

 James’ daughter Mary and her husband, William of Orange (Netherlands) are invited to take the throne of England in her father’s place– but on one condition– they must accept the English Bill of Rights  James II flees to France for protection  William and Mary take the throne  Bloodless or “Glorious” Revolution

 Limited Monarchy= Constitutional Monarchy  Habeas Corpus- people cannot be imprisoned without being charged with a crime  Re-established the right to a trial by jury  Abolished excessive fines and cruel or unjust punishment