L01. Making Crude Oil Useful

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Presentation transcript:

L01. Making Crude Oil Useful Lesson Outcomes APP: AF1,AF3,AF4 HSW: 2b,2c,3a How I did Targets Task 1: Explain what fossil fuels are. Grade C Task 2: Describe: How crude oil is separated into fractions The main fractions obtained from crude oil Grade B Task 3: Explain why crude oil can be separated into fractions Grade A/A* Connector: (Grade D) Describe, in as much detail as possible, how fossil fuels were made.

Formation of oil and gas 1) Layers of dead sea _____ settle on the seabed. 2) Layers of __________ rock build up on top. 3) The heat and ________ from these rocks, along with the absence of ______, mean that oil and gas are formed over ______ of years. Words – sedimentary, millions, oxygen, creatures, pressure

Homework Homework task: 1. Produce a poster to show Fractional distillation and the uses of the fractions produced. Due date: Criteria for Grade C: Describes the main fractions obtained from crude oil Criteria for Grade B: Explains how crude oil is separated into fractions. Criteria for Grade A/A*: Explains why crude oil can be separated into fractions

BIG picture What skills will you be developing this lesson? Numeracy Literacy  Team work Self management  Creative thinking  Independent enquiry  Participation  Reflection  How is this lesson relevant to every day life? (WRL/CIT)

Task 1 (Grade C) Task 1: Explain what fossil fuels are. Keywords for Task 1: Fossil fuels Natural gas LPG Methane Propane Butane Petrol Paraffin Diesel Coal Task 1: Explain what fossil fuels are. Task 1: Extension

New Information for Task 1 Watch presentation_001. Now write down one thing you know about fossil fuels Share your answer with a partner. Pairs feed back one of their answers to the rest of the class, ‘passing’ if their answer has already been given. Fossil fuels were formed from the remains of dead plants and animals, that lived million of years ago.

Burning fossil fuels - gases Natural gas (methane) is a fossil fuel. LPG Propane and butane are the liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) most commonly used. Propane has a variety of uses, including heating homes, and as a fuel for vehicles. Butane is sold as camping gas.

Demonstration – Burning fossil fuels Petrol, paraffin and diesel are examples of liquid fossil fuels. Coal is a solid fossil fuel.

Task 1: Answers What are fossil fuels? Name the fossil fuels mentioned so far (7). Fossil fuels were formed from the remains of dead plants and animals, that lived million of years ago. Natural Gas (Methane), LPG (Propane), Camping Gas (Butane), Petrol, Paraffin, Diesel and Coal

How can I improve on task 1? Task 1: Review Go back to your lesson outcome grid and fill out the ‘How I did’ and the ‘Targets’ column. Lesson Outcomes How I did Targets Task 1: Explain what fossil fuels are. Grade C Met? Partly met? Not met? How can I improve on task 1?

How crude oil is separated into fractions Task 2 (Grade B) Task 2: Describe: How crude oil is separated into fractions The main fractions obtained from crude oil Task 2: Extension Keywords for Task 2: hydrocarbons non-renewable resource finite resource

New Information for Task 2 Crude oil is: the source of liquid fossil fuels. a mixture of hydrocarbons. a non-renewable resource. a finite resource. Explain what the words in WHITE mean.

Hydrocarbons are compounds made from hydrogen and carbon ONLY.

Crude oil is a non-renewable resource, because … .. it has taken millions of years to form from the remains of plants and animals. Renewable resources must be … .. replaceable within a reasonable amount of time (days to years). Crude oil is a finite resource, because … .. there is only so much of it on planet earth, and eventually it will be all used up.

Fractional distillation of crude oil Small molecules: Low boiling points Very volatile Flows easily Ignites easily LPG Petrol Crude oil is a mixture of HYDROCARBONS and these can be separated due to differences in their BOILING POINTS. Large molecules: high boiling points not very volatile viscous does not ignite easily Note: this may not match that given in the text book http://www.blackgold.ab.ca/ict/Division4/Science/Div.%204/distillation/Fractional/main.swf

Task 2: Summary Copy and complete: Crude oil is a mixture of many different hydrocarbons. Crude oil is separated by fractional distillation. Fractions containing mixtures of hydrocarbons are obtained. Each fraction contains many substances with similar boiling points. 2. The fractions collected from the cooler top to the hotter bottom of the fractional distillation column are: LPG, petrol, paraffin, diesel, heating oil, fuel oil, bitumen Use their first letters to make a rhyme to help you remember them.

How can I improve on task 2? Task 2: Review Go back to your lesson outcome grid and fill out the ‘How I did’ and the ‘Targets’ column. Lesson Outcomes How I did Targets Task 2: How crude oil is separated into fractions The main fractions obtained from crude oil Grade B Met? Partly met? Not met? How can I improve on task 2?

Task 3: (Grade A/A*) Task 3: Explain why crude oil can be separated into fractions. See page 5 in your text books, and using diagrams, and the key words, write your own explanation. Task 3: Extension graph work slide Keywords for Task 3: forces intermolecular molecules attraction chains energy

How can I improve on task 3? Task 3: Review Go back to your lesson outcome grid and fill out the ‘How I did’ and the ‘Targets’ column. Lesson Outcomes How I did Targets Task 3: Grade A/A* Met? Partly met? Not met? How can I improve on task 3?

Review of lesson - Keywords: Crude oil, finite resource, fossil fuel, fraction, fractional distillation, non-renewable resource. Put your hand up and explain the meaning of one of these.

Investigating crude oil Hydrocarbon formula Boiling point oC Relative mass CH4 15 16 C8H18 40 114 C15H32 180 212 C22H46 310 C30H62 340 422 C50H102 420 702 Plot an xy-graph of relative mass v boiling point Draw a line/curve of best fit and use the graph to predict the missing boiling point

Technicians’ notes Demo 1 – burning fossil fuels Eye protection Safety screen Three teat pipettes Ceramic tile or tin lid Heatproof mat Diesel Paraffin Petrol Coal Demo 2 – Fractional distillation in the lab Ask technicians to set up this apparatus: