CIVIL WAR April 12, 1861 – April 9, 1865

The realities of war… "There is a terrible war coming, and these young men who have never seen war cannot wait for it to happen, but I tell you, I wish that I owned every slave in the South, for I would free them all to avoid this war."         - Robert E. Lee, before The American Civil War "You people of the South don't know what you are doing. This country will be drenched in blood, and God only knows how it will end. It is all folly, madness, a crime against civilization! You people speak so lightly of war; you don't know what you're talking about. War is a terrible thing! You mistake, too, the people of the North. They are a peaceable people but an earnest people, and they will fight, too. They are not going to let this country be destroyed without a mighty effort to save it ... - William T. Sherman

Strategies of War Directions: What were the Union and Confederate initial strategies, the Anaconda Plan and King Cotton Diplomacy, to win the Civil War (research or 484 US)?

Quickwrite Evaluate the Northern and Southern strategies during the Civil War? Which plan do you think would have been most likely to work? Explain your choice.

What impact did Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation have on America? Essential Question What impact did Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation have on America?

THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves “within the rebellious states” are, and henceforward shall be free." It applied only to states that had seceded from the Union and did not include the border states and portions of the Confederacy under Union control.

AFRICAN-AMERICANS IN THE CIVIL WAR Union: 186,097 (7,122 officers, 178,975 enlisted/soldiers & sailors). Confederacy: Slaves were used for manual labor. The Confederate Congress, President, and War Dept. authorized recruitment and to arm slaves in March 1865.The war ended in April of the same year. The first military Unit consisting of black soldier’s was the 54th Massachusetts Regiment Movie: Glory

54th Massachusetts Regiment Payment

54th Massachusetts Regiment What do you think is happening in this photo? List words to describe the scene and reflect the scene of the image. Preparing for battle Preparing for battle dw Battle

54th Massachusetts Regiment Mini-Project: Demonstrate the legacy of the 54th Massachusetts Regiment. Design (select 1): Memorial Mural Newspaper or magazine tribute Obituary Eulogy Book poem demonstrates the experiences and legacy Research the Regiments legacy, how their service paved the way for other African-American soldiers, and how the 54th impacts us today.

54th Massachusetts Regiment

What impact did Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation have on America? Essential Question What impact did Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation have on America?

Warm-up Pick up one research card (not your own). Read and answer in your composition book.

The Civil War: Key Battles & Turning Points Summarize significant turning points of the Civil War – including the battles of Fort Sumter and Gettysburg, the Emancipation Proclamation, the significance of the Gettysburg Address, and the surrender at Appomattox as well as the role of African Americans in the war.

Remember… South Carolina seceded from the Union. After, the states of AL, FL, MS, GA, LA, and TX seceded (others after Fort Sumter) These states formed their own government – Confederate States of America (Confederacy), which supported states’ rights and slavery. Their president was Jefferson Davis.

Key Points Fort Sumter – first battle of the Civil War (1861) Monitor and Merrimack- ironclad battle (1862) Conscription Act (draft )- 3 times during war “rich man’s war and the poor man’s fight” Emancipation Proclamation – “end of slavery” (January 1863) Antietam: bloodiest day in the Civil War Gettysburg – important battle for the North; turning point towards victory (July 1863) Gettysburg Address – inspired Union soldiers to keep fighting (November 1863) Appomattox Courthouse – South surrenders (Lee surrenders to Grant); end of the Civil War (1865)

Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln’s goal of the war was to abolish slavery in the United States. He believed “slavery must die so that the nation might live.” On January 1, 1863, Lincoln gave a statement that freed all slaves in the Confederate states at war with the Union.

Emancipation Proclamation Since Union officers were not in control of the Confederacy, most African-Americans were not released from slavery.

African-Americans in the War African-Americans were allowed to join the Union army. Even though they were paid less and had to buy their own uniforms, many joined the army because they supported Lincoln. The first group of all black troops against the Confederacy was the 54th Massachusetts Regiment.

African-Americans in the War Overall, 200,000 African-Americans fought for the Union and over 37,000 died. Later, in June 1864 Congress passed a bill that stated black and white Union soldiers would receive equal pay If captured while fighting, could return to slavery. Slavery didn’t officially end until the 13th Amendment was passed…or did it? http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=5s8ccKepCms#!

Women in the Civil War Served as spies Worked in the factories Served as nurses Clara Barton: founder of the Red Cross

Gettysburg Address About 4 months after the Battle of Gettysburg, Lincoln gave a speech during a memorial service for the soldiers.

SOAPSTone Speaker: President Abraham Lincoln Occasion: Eulogy after the Battle of Gettysburg Audience: Union citizens and soldiers Purpose: to inspire; to dedicate themselves further to the unfinished work of those that have died. Subject: Battle of Gettysburg Tone: Serious; inspirational

Gettysburg Address About 4 months after the Battle of Gettysburg, Lincoln gave a speech during a memorial service for the soldiers. The Gettysburg Address inspired Union soldiers to continue fighting for their country and the end of slavery.

Sherman’s March to Sea Union GeneralWilliam T. Sherman took Atlanta in September,1864. Waged “Total War” on the South: a war not only against enemy troops, but against everything that supports the enemy. Marched from Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia, up through the Carolinas to Virgina.

North Carolina in the Civil War https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LZe3mc9Ke60

Appomattox Courthouse The South is outnumbered and divided by the Union Where the surrender took place General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant on April 9, 1865 The war was over! The North won!

Lincoln’s Assassination In January 1865, the 13th Amendment was introduced and passed banning slavery in the United States Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865 – he did not live to see the real end of slavery Vice President Andrew Johnson is sworn in as President.

Costs and Consequences Deadliest War in American history (estimated: 620,000 died and 540,000 wounded) Federal debt rose to 2.7 billion; Confederate debt 700 million; high inflation. End to slavery conflict. North: Nationalism on the rise in the North. National government became more powerful. Even more diverse and growing economy. South: Economic disaster: farms and plantations destroyed. 40% of livestock killed 50% machinery wrecked

Quickwrite: What do you think is the legacy of the Civil War? Legacy of the War Quickwrite: What do you think is the legacy of the Civil War?

Reconstruction The Reconstruction Era lasted from 1865-1877 Now that the war is over we have to rebuild the Union…without Abraham Lincoln