Chapter 9: Lesson 1 & 2 EQ: How do new ideas influenced the way people think?
Home Learning: Ch 9. Lesson 1 & 2 Define Vocabulary Renaissance (“It Matters Because”) Republic Humanism Vernacular Burgher Fresco Perspective
What was the Renaissance? Where did it begin? –Italy Italian City-States –Urban Societies –Major Trading Centers Secular City-States Moved away from life in the church Focuses more on material objects and enjoying life
The Renaissance was a time of renewal. Renaissance Renaissance means rebirth Europe was recovering from the Middle Ages and the Plague. People had lost their faith in the church and began to put more focus on human beings. Sandro Botticelli, Primavera, (Allegory of Spring)
Major Italian Cities Italy failed to become united during the Middle Ages. Many independent city- states emerged in Italy All of these cities: 1.Had access to trade routes connecting Europe with Middle Eastern markets 2.Were initially independent city-states governed as republics Milan Venice Florence Genoa Had Access to Trade Routes
Venice Sitting on the Adriatic, it attracts trade from all over the world. Florence Controlled by the De Medici Family, who became great patrons of the arts. Milan One of the richest cities, it controls trade through the Alps.
Political Ideas of the Renaissance Niccolò Machiavelli Book: The Prince Machiavelli was a writer who believed: “One can make this generalization about men: they are ungrateful, fickle, liars, and deceivers, they shun danger and are greedy for profit” Machiavelli observed city-state rulers of his day and produced guidelines for rulers on how to take and maintenance power. He felt that a ruler should be willing to do anything to maintain control without worrying about “morality”
Better for a ruler to be feared than to be loved Ruler should be quick and decisive in decision making Ruler keeps power by any means necessary The end justifies the means Be good when possible and evil when necessary
Home Learning: Ch. 9, Lesson 1 Renaissance Society Read “Renaissance Society” and complete the following chart: Characteristics of Renaissance Society Nobility Peasants & Townspeople Family and Marriage
HumanismHumanism was a key intellectual (learning) movement of the Renaissance Goal of humanism is to educate well-rounded citizen. Study of the classics (Ancient Greeks/ Romans Humanities education: history, public speaking, grammar, logic, poetry, math, astronomy, and music (liberal arts today!) vernacular Revived interest in Latin, but many humanist writers wrote in the vernacular language, local languages Education becomes increasingly secular, and less religious!
Printing Press Development of printing affected education, and all aspects of Renaissance culture. Johannes Gutenberg (German) invented the printing press. Printing of books increased, thus affecting how knowledge is distributed Gutenberg printed the first book—the Bible. Growth of reading and knowledge!
How did Humanism affect Renaissance education? #1 #2 #3 Activity: Humanism and Education Read pg. 170, Renaissance Education. Complete the following table.
The Renaissance produced new ideas that were reflected in the arts, philosophy, and literature.. Medieval art and literature focused on the Church and salvation Renaissance art focused on individuals and worldly matters, along with Christianity.
Renaissance artists welcome the ideas of ancient Greece and Rome in their art Sought to imitate nature Wanted viewers to be convinced of the reality of their subjects Focused on human body (human-focus worldview) Sculpture: emphasized realism and the human form Architecture: reached new heights of design
New Art Techniques Masaccios’ The Tribute of Money Frescos: Painting done on wet plaster became popular because it gave depth to the paintings
Perspective Raphael’s School of Athens –Perspective: use to give effect of 3-dimensional depth to 2-dimensional surfaces
Born in 1475 in a small town near Florence, is considered to be one of the best Late Renaissance painters
Michelangelo’s, Michelangelo’s, David He created his masterpiece David in 1504.
Creation of Eve Creation of Adam Separation of Light and Darkness The Last Judgment
Painter, Sculptor, Architect, Engineer Genius!
Mona Lisa
The Last Supper
Notebooks
Raphael Painter
The School of Athens
Pythagoras Socrates Plato and Aristotle
Home Learning: Renaissance Art Chapter 9, Lesson 2 Read Italian Renaissance Art and answer the following questions: 1.How did humanism influence the works of Renaissance artists? Give examples. 2.In what ways did Italian Renaissance artists use the ideas of the humanist movement in their works? 3.Look at the portrait of the Mona Lisa. Why would portraiture be a natural development for a Renaissance culture shaped by humanism? (photo is available using online book)