Today and tomorrow Today – finishing objectives (except 11)

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Presentation transcript:

Today and tomorrow Today – finishing objectives (except 11) Review Objectives Tomorrow – project work

Compare and Contrast ‘Placentals’, monotremes and marsupials Oviparous, ‘ovoviviparous’, viviparous Precocial and altricial

Anamniotic Egg Jelly Layer Membrane Perivitelline fluid Yolk Plug Embryo

Amniotic Egg

Placenta forms from the Chorion

Amphibians = two lives Larval and adult stage Anamniotic egg External fertilization Internal fertilization “Copulation” No ‘copulation’ No parental care to mouth brooding, skin brooding and ‘skin feeding’

Salamanders

Frogs Amplexus

Snakes and Lizards Amniotic Egg Internal Fertilization Most Oviparous Some ‘viviparous’ Sperm storage => delayed fertilization Little (No) parental care

Snakes and Lizards Viviparous- vipers (yes, that’s where the name comes from), boas and pythons, garter snakes Within genus Sceloporous – all egg layers except one

Snakes and Lizards Males have hemipenes

Snakes and Lizards Couldn’t find a good image of female snake’s reprod system Most lizards and snakes look very similar.

Snakes and Lizards

Snakes and Lizards Couldn’t find a good image of female snake’s reprod system Most lizards and snakes look very similar. Male and Female reprod systems vary greatly depending on ‘season’

Birds Males of most birds have no copulatory organ Cloaca to cloaca sperm transfer Sperm storage in some species ‘Mating Flights’ are courtship No known copulation during flight. I just wouldn’t work Precocial and altricial Parental care

Infundibulum – site of fertilization Magnum – addition of albumin Isthmus – addition of membrane Uterus – shell and color

Sex Determination Humans and other mammals XY/XX Most birds and snakes ZZ/WZ Amphibians XY/XX or ZZ/WZ (sometimes within the same species!) One bird is temperature-influenced (many reptiles) Global climate change (all one sex) Some birds and insects – hormone-dependent Fertilized vs non-fertilized (haplodiploidy) Sex-determination gene Some lizards are all female

Quiz What happens to ensure only one sperm fertilizes an egg? We went over hormonal control of the female reproductive cycle. Can a woman become pregnant (again) if she’s already pregnant? Explain. What are the costs and benefits to semelparity and iteroparity? Describe the ‘stages’ and locations of spermatogenesis and sperm maturation.

Homework