President Lincoln’s Plan  10% Plan - Lenient * Pardon to all but the highest ranking Confederates. * When 10% of the voting pop. of 1860 takes loyalty oath and forms a government, state would rejoin union. * 13 th Amendment  Abolishes slavery throughout the United States  Congress has power to enforce this.

Andrew Johnson ’ s Plan “Presidential Reconstruction” Similar to Lincoln’s but powerful Confederates needed appeal directly to Johnson. Pardons 13,000 former Confederates. “ White men alone must rule the South. ”

Black Codes  Laws restricting rights of free blacks  Forced many blacks to become sharecroppers [tenant farmers].

Freedmen’s Bureau (1865)  Many former northern abolitionists risked their lives to help southern freedmen.  Called “ carpetbaggers ” by white southern Democrats.  Southern Republicans called “ Scalawags ”

Congress Breaks with the President  1866  President vetoed the Freedmen ’ s Bureau & Civil Rights Act.  Congress passed both bills over Johnson ’ s vetoes  1 st in U. S. history!!

Congressional Plan (Radical Republicans) Reconstruction Act of 1867 set up five military districts in the South. required southern states to give black men the vote to be re-admitted to the Union. required southern states to ratify the 14th amendment to be re-admitted to the Union. Charles Sumner – remember me?

14 th Amendment  Ratified in July, * Essentially gives citizenship rights to blacks (but men only)

Hottest ticket in town Impeachment of Andrew Johnson 1.Congress sets a trap - the Tenure of Office Act 2.Johnson falls for it - removes Secretary of War Stanton 3.Johnson impeached by the House of Representatives 4.Senate one vote short of conviction How to (almost) dump a president

The Presidential Election of 1868 Ulysses S. Grant won by only 306,000 votes He only won due to victory in southern states- How? More than 500,000 first-time black voters supported him

Blacks in Southern Politics  The 15 th Amendment guaranteed blacks federal voting rights. 15 Black members of The House of Reps & 1 Senator - Hiram Revels of Mississippi

1876 Presidential Tickets

1876 Presidential Election Who is the winner?

Collapse of Reconstruction Reasons for Collapse Result of Collapse Active opposition KKK - terrorism Less federal government support Amnesty Act 1872 Bank collapse Panic & Depression of 1873 Democrats take over southern state governments Deal to elect Hayes if end military presence Effective roll-back of Civil Rights

A Political Crisis: The “Compromise” of 1877 Republicans & Rutherford Hayes Get the Presidency What do the Democrats Get?