INTELLIGENT AGENTS Examples Internet - filtering, browsing; 60 agents on e-commerce: ory.html ory.html PC - system agents, Office’97

Intelligent systems, intelligent agents New AI directions: cognitive and applications Advantages: adaptable, flexible, able to learn, user- friendly, “bluff” intelligence A typical agent: insurance agent (M. Minsky); many users Other types of agents: art. life, static-mobile, distributed, for people or computers Intelligent nformation society

Truly intelligent? DEVELOPMENT, TECHNOLOGY AI

Bill Gates.. computer of the future - an intelligent computer assistant, a kind of secretary, capable of communicating and executing simple mundane tasks. The new system will be capable of talking, listening, seeing, and will have other anthropological features like faces capable of expressing gestures.

Properties of intelligent agents autonomy - ability to perform tasks and decisions without direct intervention of humans social ability, ability to interact with humans and agents responsiveness, the ability to perceive the environment and respond to changes

proactiveness, the ability to take initiative and to exhibit goal-directed behavior adaptability, the ability of an agent to modify its behavior mobility, the ability to change physical location veracity, assumption of no false information rationality, ability to perform reasonably

Properties - Pattie Maes Observes a user Gets feed-back from a user Gets direct instructions from a user Gets experience from environment Agent and user communicate, control, execute Agent learns according to interests, wishes and desires of users

Properties - Etzioni Autonomy when executing tasks; gets task descriptions from a user, modifies it, performs it on its own Time continuous – work all the time Personality - speak too much Able to communicate To adapt to each single user – personalization Mobility

“Simple rules” does it perform typical user-oriented functions (insurance agent) autonomy - performs actions on its own (yes) - is prediction of actions possible (no) adapts to each specific user - different reactions for the same error works all the time, looks around (mobile) data - information - knowledge

Properties - summary General, not exact definitions - “ideal agent” – theoretical, nonexistent real agents only approximations with some properties - bordears soft, not exact “agent” is a slightly different program Similar relations: non/structured programming; modular/object; information systems/operation systems/expert systems; data/information/knowledge some people don’t understand the difference

Types of agents - Etzioni Co-drivers – suggest where to go to Drivers – listen to suggestions by users Secretary-assistant, gets strategic directions and performs actions on its own

Slovenian agents 1993 IOI, interface VAX/VMS; B. Hribov š ek, M. Gams 1996 EMA, an employment agent for Slovenia on Internet, M. Gams, A. Karali č, M. Grobelnik, M. Drobnič, P. Golob; National Employment Office 1998 Personal WebWatcher, D. Mladeni č 2000 ShiNa, A. Pivk 2000 ActiveTools, USA, A. Bezek

EMA - EMployment Agent

An Internet Agent

An Agent of Agents

Communication with anybody on the Net EMA observes a user communicating with an employment database through a form EMA repeats the query EMA modifies the query EMA “sucks” the database EMA reads any Internet employment database

CONCLUSION Intelligent agents are among the most prospective new SW breeds; even now world record holders Intelligent agents represents a marriage between AI, intelligent systems, and information society