The CBERS programme: an overview in May 2009 Gilberto Câmara Director General National Institute for Space Research (INPE) Brazil

One world, one dream... Free Earth Observation data for all!

A vision for the future A constellation of satellites will provide free global land imaging for all countries on Earth (CEOS) CBERS will be a member of the CEOS land imaging constellation

INPE’s space technology agenda “Global EO” – Brazil as global player in earth observation Multilateral Agreements (CEOS, GEO) Bilateral agreements (China, Argentina, UK)

CBERS-2B Launch (19 September 2007) CBERS satellites produce global public goods

What is a public good? Non-rival...[goods] which all enjoy in common in the sense that each individual's consumption of such a good leads to no subtractions from any other individual's consumption of that good... (Samuelson) Non-excludable it is impossible to exclude any individuals from consuming the good

CBERS Program Timeline CBERS-1 CBERS-2 CBERS- 2B CBERS-3 CBERS-4 CBSAR (plan) CBERS-5 (plan) CBERS-6 (plan) Set/99Mar/03 Out/03 Mar/09 Set/07 Jun/11 Set/14 Set/15 Set/17 Set/20

Satellites for Forestry and Agriculture Resolution (metres) Revisit (days) WFI CBERS-2 CCD CBERS-2/3/4 AWFI CBERS-3/4 MUX CBERS-3/4 Technology 2008 Technology 2015 Technology AWFI CBERS-5/6 MUX CBERS-5/6 Mapping Agriculture Mapping Forestry Deforestation Detection Description Land Use 5 AWFI Amaz-1/2 500 CBERS-SAR-1 CBERS-SAR-2 HRC CBERS-2B

CBERS 1, 2, 2BCBERS 3, 4 Mass1450 kg1980 kg Electrical Power1100 W2300 W Payload Bit Rate166 Mbps303 Mbps Lifetime2 years3 years CBERS platform

CBERS Orbit SSO Polar, 778 km height, 98 0 inclination, 100 min period, Equator crossing at 10h30 AM Track distance of 107 km, revisit time of 26 days

Long March-4B Height: 44 meters 3 stages, liquid fuel Capacity of launching 2800 kg in sun-synchronous orbit (900km) Total weight: 250 tons (232 tons of fuel) Launched 69 times with success since October 1996

CBERS-1, 2, 2B work share (70% China, 30% Brazil) Service Module StructureBrasil Thermal Control China Attitude and Orbit Control China Power supplyBrasil On-board computerChina TelemetryBrasil Payload Module CCDChina IRMSSChina WFIBrasil Data TransmissionChina Data collectionBrasil

CBERS-2 Launch (21 October 2003) CBERS-2

CBERS-2 prepared for launch (2003)

CBERS-2 assembly and tests(2003)

CBERS-2 being put into Long March-4B

CBERS 1,2 Sensor Configuration mm WFI 260 m (890 km) MSS 80 m (120 km) CCD 20 m (120 km) Built by ChinaBuilt by Brazil

CBERS-1,2 Sensor Configuration Sensor Bands (  m) Swath (km)Resolution (m) CCD0.45 – – – – – IRMSS0.51 – – – – WFI0.63 – –

Image CBERS-2 WFI CBERS2-WFI – 157/124, 18/01/2004, São Paulo WFI sensor

CBERS-1 IRMSS DaLian Bay ， China

CBERS-2 CCD ShenYang China

CBERS-2 CCD, Minas Gerais, Brazil

CBERS-2 CCD Sobradinho Dam, Brazil Dez 2003

CBERS-2 CCD, Parnaíba River Delta, Nov 2003

CBERS-2 CCD, Pradópolis, Brazil, Nov 2003

CBERS-2 CCD, Macapá, Brazil

CBERS-2 WFI mosaic of Mato Grosso state, 2003

Agriculture-Wheat NDVI green exponent based on WFI data (YangZhou)

Forest type map based on CBERS-1 CCD data (LinZhi area)

CBERS-1 Mosaic Image for Guizhong Province

CBERS-2B CBERS-2B Launch (19 September 2007)

CBERS-2B Sensor Configuration mm WFI 260 m (890 km) CCD 20 m (120 km) Built by ChinaBuilt by Brazil PAN 2.5 m (27 km)

CBERS-2B Sensor Configuration Sensor Bands (  m) Swath (km)Resolution (m) PAN CCD – – – WFI0.63– –

Integration of CBERS-2B in INPE ( ) Assembly, integration and test (AIT) facilities at INPE

Assembly of CBERS-2B Cameras Integration of CBERS-2B in INPE ( )

CBERS-2B HRC (PAN - 2,7 m) + CCD (multispectral, 20 m) Guarulhos Airport, Sao Paulo, March 2008

CBERS-2B HRC (PAN - 2,7 m) + CCD (multispectral, 20 m) São Felix do Xingu, Pará, June 2008

CBERS-2B – Forest Degradation CBERS-HRC (2,5 m) + CCD (20 m) CBERS-2B HRC allows better detection of forest degradation (region of Marcelandia, Mato Grosso, Brazil) Deforestation Degradation

北川县 CBERS-2B image of Beichuan Earthquake 2008

CBERS-2B image of the Barrier lake in Tangjiashan after earthquake on 1 June 2008

CBERS-2B image of Beichuan County after earthquake on 1 June 2008

“A few satellites can cover the entire globe, but there needs to be a system in place to ensure their images are readily available to everyone who needs them. Brazil has set an important precedent by making its Earth-observation data available, and the rest of the world should follow suit.”

INPE Image Distribution: CBERS and LANDSAT ( ) 16,000 User institutions (51% are private companies)

CBERS Image Catalogue (Internet): access to all data

CBERS Image Catalogue (Internet): go and get it!

FTP area for User

Time to respond to a user request Median time 9 minutes

“CBERS brought the freedom to have data immediately available when you need it.” What do CBERS users say?

What do the private companies say about free CBERS data? Enables new business development Facilitates trial uses for new clients Planning new applications becomes easier Creates jobs by reducing cost of data buys Increases quality by adding data previously unavailable

CBERS-3,4 A new generation of CBERS satellite: better instruments, longer lifetime

MUX 5/10 m(120 km) CBERS 3 – 4 Sensors µm Built by China Built by Brazil CCD 20 m (120 km) IRMSS 40 m (120 km) Visible – Near IR Short wave IR Medium wave IR Thermal IR AWFI 60 m (720 km)

CBERS-3,4 Sensor Configuration: PANMUX, CCD Sensor Bands (  m) Swath (km)Resolution (m) PAN0.51 – MUX0.52 – – – CCD0.45 – – – –

CBERS-3,4 Sensor Configuration: IRMSS, AWFI Sensor Bands (  m) Swath (km)Resolution (m) IRMSS0.76 – – – – AWFI0.45 – (10 bits)0.52 – – –

CBERS 3/4 x LANDSAT-7 mm CCD 20 m (120 km) MUX 10 m (60 km) PAN 5 m (60 km) PAN 15 m (180 km) TM 30 m (180 km) MSS 40 m (120 km) WFI 73 m (860 km)

CBERS-3 Structural Model Tests ( )

CBERS-3,4 Subsystem Work Share ChinaBrazil TCS - Thermal ControlStructure AOCS - Attitude Control *EPSS - Electrical Power Supply ** OBDH - Onboard Data Handling *TTCS – Service Telecommunications ** SCS - System CircuitryMUX camera (20m) PAN camera (5m)WFI-2 camera (73m) IRS camera (40m)DDR – Data Recorder SEM – Space EnvironmentDCS – Data Collecting PIT – Data TransmitterMWT – Data Transmitter

CBERS-3, 4 industrial policy in Brazil Contracts with Brazilian industry: R$ 320 million

Company OPTOR$ OMNISYSR$ OMNISYSR$ AEROELETRONICAR$ CENICR$ MECTRONR$ OPTO/EQUATORIALR$ OMNISYSR$ MECTRONR$ NEURONR$ OMNISYSR$ ORBITALR$ ORBISATR$ FUNCATER$ CENICR$ R$ CBERS industrial contracts

MUX CCD Camera(CBERS-3, 4) Optical, electronical, thermal and mechanical project done by OPTO (Brazilian industry)

The future of CBERS CBERS satellites will provide information about global land change on the tropics

CBERS as a global satellite CBERS ground stations will cover most of the Earth’s land mass between 30 0 N and 30 0 S Cuiabá Boa Vista Chetumal Maspalomas Aswan Jo´burg Nairobi(?) Accra(?) Urumchi Miyun Ghuangzhou Darwin(?) Alice Springs (?)

INPE´s Remote Sensing Satellites: CBERS-5 CBERS-4 Amazônia-1 CBERS Amazônia-2 CBERS CBERS-SAR Amazônia CBERS: China Brazil Earth Resources Satellite Amazônia-1: 100% Brazilian 2020

64 CBERS 05/06 Preliminary Proposal Medium resolution and wide swath to revisit the earth surface with a high frequency.

MUX 5/10 m (120 km) CBERS 5 – 6 Sensors (under discussion) µm Built by China Built by Brazil AWFI-2 20 m (720 km) IRMSS 20 m (120 km) Visible – Near IR Short wave IR Medium wave IR Thermal IR

CBERS-5,6 Beijing, March PANMUX (CAST)IRMSS (CAST)MUX/WFI (INPE) Programmable Spectrometer (CAST) Polarization Imager (CAST) Spectral Bands (μm) B 0.52 – 0.59 G 0.63 – 0.69 R 0.77 – 0.89 NIR 0.50 – 0.80 PAN – – 0.52 B 0.52 – 0.59 G 0.63 – 0.69 R 0.77 – 0.89 NIR 0.45 –0.90 (15 bands) Resolution (m)10/520 / 40 (TH)22/28601km Swath (km)1202X60445/ km Pointing (deg)No Revisit (days)25 - Quantization (bits) Mass (kg)2002X150-25kg42 Dimension (mm)1000X850X850400X500X X350X X160x160580X440X390

CBERS SAR (under discussion) 5-day full world coverage at 30m; 25-day full world coverage at 10m; 1-day spot at 5m; Sun-Synchronous Dawn-Dusk Orbit; Full Power on descending and ascending; Double-sided access by roll maneuver;