Ellison & Gloer THE RISE OF INDUSTRIAL AMERICA

Ellison & Gloer The Gilded Age Gilded Age – – A phrase created by Mark Twain. – It means: Looks shiny or good on the outside, but is corrupt or dirty on the inside.

Ellison & Gloer The Major Legislation The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 – – Said no company could under-sale the competition for the intent of creating a monopoly.

Ellison & Gloer Cornelius Vanderbilt  Known as “Commodore”  Quit school at age 11.  Ran a railroad.  Worth $400 million when he died.  Said, “Law! What law? I have power!”

Ellison & Gloer Andrew Carnegie  Also ran a railroad, but made his wealth in steel.  He mastered the Bessemer Procedure.  Was worth $750 million when he died.  Was a great philanthropist.

Ellison & Gloer J.P. Morgan  Bought the steel company from Carnegie.  He created U.S. Steel.  He controlled 10% of the nation’s wealth.  Worth $22 billion when he dies.

Ellison & Gloer John D. Rockefeller  Controlled 90% of the nation’s oil.  Created Standard Oil.  Gave lots of money away.  Was also a great philanthropist.

Ellison & Gloer IDEAS OF THE 19 TH CENTURY A. Social Darwinism – “Survival of the Fittest” “Fittest business will survive.” B. Gospel of Wealth – Economically successful people have the responsibility to share their fortune with their community.

Ellison & Gloer IDEAS OF THE 19 TH CENTURY C. How to succeed – (Horatio Alger) - An “Algerism” – Work hard, get an education, have a good attitude, be determined, and you will succeed. D. Materialism – The greatest things to be accumulated are materials – cars, jewels, homes, etc

Ellison & Gloer Thomas Nast Famous editorial cartoonist in the 1800’s. Drew cartoons for a magazine called Harper’s Weekly.

Ellison & Gloer

Ellison & Gloer

Ellison & Gloer

Ellison & Gloer Boss Tweed A crooked politician in New York City. Head of Tammany Hall, the Democratic Party political machine He stole millions of dollars (between $75 – $200 million) from the New York City government. Convicted and went to jail. Nast’s cartoon’s helped catch him.

Ellison & Gloer Who is depicted in the cartoon? 2. What is his head? 3. What does the cartoon represent?

Ellison & Gloer What is the man standing on? 2. Who do you think he is? 3. What is he holding in his hands? 4. What does the cartoon mean?

Ellison & Gloer Who is carrying the world? 2. What is drawn on the world? 3. What does it mean?

Ellison & Gloer

Ellison & Gloer Who is the man pictured? What is he holding? What is going on in the background? What is the cartoon saying?

Ellison & Gloer The Rise of Populism Populism – A movement in the late 1800’s that wanted reform for the farmers and workers.

Ellison & Gloer The Goals of Populism What did Populism want? 1. A personal income tax.) 2. Direct election of our senators. 3. An 8 hour work day. 4. Immigration restriction. 5. The “Free Silver” movement or backing our currency with silver instead of gold – They were called “Silverites.” 6. One - 6 year term for President.

Ellison & Gloer Populism’s Popularity Why was Populism popular? – There was a economic depression in – The depression specifically hurt the Eastern industrial workers. – The workers began to work together to earn more workers’ rights.

Ellison & Gloer The Decline of Populism What ever happened to Populism? – The Democratic Party adopted many of their ideals. – Economy prosperity returned and many of the people forgot about the problems from 1893.

Ellison & Gloer Leaders of Populism William Jennings Bryan – – Ran for President four times, but lost all of them. – Ran in 1896, 1900 and 1908 as a Democrat. – Lost in 1896 and 1900 to William McKinley. – Lost in 1908 to Howard Taft. – Called the “Great Commoner.”

Ellison & Gloer The Populism Allegory An allegory is a story that uses animals and people to represent a concept or idea. Many scholars say that the Wizard of Oz is an allegory for Populism.

Ellison & Gloer The Wizard of Oz Published by L. Frank Baum in Becomes a movie in About a girl trying to get home from a strange Land called Oz. Gets the assistance from three companions who also seek help from the Wizard.

Ellison & Gloer Dorothy Dorothy represents every man or the people. She is from Kansas. She hopes the Wizard will show her way back home to Kansas.

Ellison & Gloer Toto Just a dog. Could have represented laughter and fun. Dorothy needed Toto to keep from turning “dumb, “heartless” and “scared.”

Ellison & Gloer The Munchkins The Munchkins represent all the common people that must work for capitalists. They were “in bondage for many years” to the Wicked Witch of the East, until Dorothy kills her.

Ellison & Gloer The Slippers The slippers are actually silver in the book, representing the Free Silver movement of the Populism. They come off when Dorothy returns to Kansas to show that the Free Silver movement fails. They were only red in the movie for color reasons.

Ellison & Gloer The Yellow Brick Road The Yellow Brick Road presents the Gold Standard that Populism was against. Oz is the abbreviation for ounce, the measurement for gold.

Ellison & Gloer The Scarecrow The Scarecrow represents farmers. He hopes the Wizard will give him a brain or knowledge. Many felt farmers were not intelligent and working hard for little gain.

Ellison & Gloer The Tin Man The Tin Man represents the industrial workers. He hopes the Wizard will give him a heart. Many saw the industrial workers as dehumanized from no work during the 1893 depression. The depression is represented by him being rusted when they find him.

Ellison & Gloer The Lion The Lion represents W.J. Bryan. He hopes to get courage from the Wizard. The Lion retreats into the forest to show Bryan’s defeats and demise from politics.

Ellison & Gloer The Emerald City The Emerald City represents Washington, D.C., home of the President.

Ellison & Gloer The Witches The witches represent capitalists or bankers. The Wicked Witch of the East is killed by Dorothy’s house. The Wicked Witch of the West is melted. Glinda is the Good Witch of the North.

Ellison & Gloer The Flying Monkeys The Flying Monkeys represent Native Americans at that time. They were good, but forced to do bad by the Witches. Likewise, Native Americans felt trapped by wealthy capitalists who forced them into working for them.

Ellison & Gloer The Wizard The Wizard is the President of the U.S., presumably Grover Cleveland. He was president from 1885 – 1889 and again from 1893 – 1897.