The Solar System Missions. planets not shown to scale >> MercuryVenusEarthMarsJupiterSaturnUranusNeptunePluto Mean Distance from the Sun (AU)0.38710.723311.5245.2039.53919.1930.0639.48.

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Presentation transcript:

The Solar System Missions

planets not shown to scale >> MercuryVenusEarthMarsJupiterSaturnUranusNeptunePluto Mean Distance from the Sun (AU) Sidereal period of orbit (years) Mean Orbital Velocity (km/sec) Orbital Eccentricity Inclination to ecliptic (degrees) Equatorial Radius (km) Polar Radius (km)same same Mass of planet (Earth=1) Mean density (grams/centimeter³ ) Body rotation period (hours) Tilt of equator to orbit (degrees) Number of observed satellites0012>

Properties Mass: Planetary masses are determined by measuring the orbital characteristics of moons, or orbiting satellites sent from earth. From Newton’s Laws, the acceleration of the orbiting object (assuming a circular orbit) is From the Universal Law of Gravity a = G {M / r 2 } = v 2 / r where G = 6.67 x Nm 2 /Kg 2 M is the mass of the planet r is the radius of the orbit V is the speed of the orbiting object

Properties Mass: Planetary masses are determined by measuring the orbital characteristics of moons, or orbiting satellites sent from earth. From Newton’s Laws, the acceleration of the orbiting object (assuming a circular orbit) is Note: the speed can easily be determined from knowledge of the radius of the orbit and the period. In one period, the object must travel a distance equal to the circumference of the orbit: v = 2  r / T where 2  r is the circumference of the orbit T is the period

Properties Mass: Planetary masses are determined by measuring the orbital characteristics of moons, or orbiting satellites sent from earth. From Newton’s Laws, the acceleration of the orbiting object (assuming a circular orbit) is Therefore: M = r v 2 / G where G = 6.67 x Nm 2 /Kg 2 M is the mass of the planet r is the radius of the orbit

Properties Density: Once the mass of the planet is known, the density is computed from the calculated mass and the observed angular size of the object. d = m / V where D is the density V is the volume

Properties Atmosphere: Existence determined by a tradeoff between the gravitation attraction on particles and the speed of the particles (based upon the their temperature).

Properties Water: Big current question. Answers to the existence of water on planets and moons is under active investigation.