Cell Division Review

What the four major stages of the cell cycle? Which stages make up interphase?

What occurs during each stage of the cell cycle? G1 S G2 M

G1- growth, replicate organelles, normal functions S- DNA synthesis G2- Additional growth M- Mitosis and cytokinesis

* What is the purpose of mitosis? What is the end result? * What kind of human cells do mitosis? * What are the 4 stages of mitosis?

What occurs during each stage of mitosis Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

Prophase- DNA condenses into chromosomes, nuclear envelope breaks down Metaphase- Spindle fibers attach chromosomes and align them in center of cell Anaphase- sister chromatids separate to opposite poles Telophase- nuclear membrane starts to reform, chromosomes start to uncoil

What is cytokinesis?

What is binary fission?

Binary fission- prokaryotic, asexual reproduction, much simpler than mitosis

* What is the purpose of meiosis? What is the end result? * Meiosis is associated with what kind of human cells? * What are the stages of meiosis? * What is the difference between homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids? *What is the main purpose of meiosis I? meiosis II?

Meiosis I Main idea: divides homologous chromosomes Prophase I- homologous chromosomes start to pair up, nuclear membrane breaks down. Crossing over occurs! Metaphase I- spindle fibers attach, homologous chromosomes pair up on either side of cell equator. Anaphase I- homologous chromosome pulled to opposite poles Telophase I- spindle fibers disassemble, cell does cytokinesis End result- 2 genetically unique haploid cells with duplicated chromosomes

Meiosis II Main idea: divides sister chromatids Prophase II- homologous chromosomes start to pair up, nuclear membrane breaks down Metaphase II- spindle fibers align chromosomes along equator Anaphase II- sister chromatids pulled apart to opposite poles Telophase II- nuclear membrane reforms, cell does cytokinesis End result: 4 genetically unique haploid cells

Unchecked cell division is known as what? Cancer