Cell Growth and Division. The Cell Cycle  The cycle of growth, DNA synthesis, and division is essential for an organism to grow and heal.  If it goes.

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Presentation transcript:

Cell Growth and Division

The Cell Cycle  The cycle of growth, DNA synthesis, and division is essential for an organism to grow and heal.  If it goes out of control, abnormal cell growth may occur, resulting in cancer cells. Lung cancer cell Aveoli in the lung

The Cell Cycle  The cell cycle is the regular pattern of growth, DNA duplication, and cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells.

Cell Cycle: Four Main Stages  The four main stages of the cell cycle are:  Gap 1  Synthesis  Gap 2  Mitosis  Scientists were limited by the microscopes of the time and named the “gaps” because they weren’t able to see activity in the cell at these times.

Gap 1 (G 1 )  During G1, the cell carries out its normal functions.  The cell will increase in size, and its organelles will increase in number.  A cell spends most of it’s time in this stage, but the length of the stage depends on the cell type.  This is the stage where the cell determines if it will undergo apoptosis, or divide.

Synthesis (S)  The cell makes a copy of its nuclear DNA during this stage.  By the end of this stage, the cell contains two complete sets of DNA. DNA as seen from an SEM

Gap 2 (G 2 )  Cells will continue to carry out their normal functions.  Additional growth occurs.  The cell is checked a final time for damage and adequate size before undergoing mitosis.

Mitosis (M)  Mitosis includes two processes: mitosis and cytokinesis.  Mitosis is the division of the cell nucleus and its contents.  The nuclear membrane dissolves, duplicated DNA condenses around proteins and separates, and two new nuclei form.  Cytokinesis is the process that divides the cell cytoplasm.  The result is two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the original cell.

Cells Divide At Different Rates  The rate at which your cells divide is linked to your body’s need for those cells.  The internal lining of your digestive track receives a lot of wear and tear. As a result, cells that line your stomach and intestine are replaced every few days.  Cells that make up the smooth muscle of the intestine, the lungs, kidney, and liver, divide only occasionally in response to injury or death.