One Uno Ichi Washid

Types of Reactions

SYNTHESIS REACTION PATTERN: A + B → AB EXAMPLE: 2Mg (s) + O 2 (g) → 2MgO (s) DECOMPOSITION REACTION PATTERN: AB → A + B EXAMPLE: 2H 2 O (g) → 2H 2(g) + O 2(g)

SINGLE REPLACEMENT REACTION PATTERN: A + BC → AC + B EXAMPLE: 2Al (s) + 3CuCl 2(aq) → 2AlCl 3(aq) + 3Cu (s) DOUBLE REPLACEMENT REACTION PATTERN: AB + CD → AD + CB EXAMPLE: BaCl 2(aq) + Na 2 SO 4(aq) → BaSO 4(s) +2NaCl (aq)

Acid – Base Reaction HX + MOH MX + H 2 O acid base salt water Example: H 2 SO 4(aq) + NaOH (aq) Na 2 SO 4(aq) + H 2 O (l)

COMBUSTION REACTION Pattern: C X H Y O Z + O 2 → CO 2 + H 2 O Example: 2C 2 H 3 OH (l) + 5O 2(g) → 4CO 2(g) + 4H 2 O (l) C 3 H 8(g)) + 5O 2(g) → 3 CO 2(g) + 4H 2 O (g)

Na(s) + Cl 2 → NaCl(s) Synthesis ZnNO 3 (aq) + Mg(s) → Zn(s) + MgNO 3 (aq) Single Replacement CH 4 (g) + O 2 (g) → CO 2 (g) + H 2 O(l) Combustion NaCl(aq) + AgNO 3 (aq) → NaNO 3 (aq) + AgCl(s) Double Replacement

Driving Forces Predict whether a reaction will work– chemical changes that tend to make reactions go in the direction of the arrow

Types of Driving forces: 1. Formation of a precipitate (solid) (see solubility rules) Example: AgNO 3 (aq) + KCl(aq)  AgCl(s)+KNO 3 (aq) 2. Formation of water Example: HCl(aq)+NaOH(aq)  H 2 O(l)+NaCl(aq)

3. Formation of a gas: Example: 2HgO(s)  2Hg(l)+O 2 (g) 4. Transfer of Electrons – which is called Oxidation-Reduction or Redox Example: 2H 2 (g)+O 2 (g)  2H 2 O(g)

C 6 H 12 + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O Combustion

Al + Fe 2 O 3 Fe + Al 2 O 3 Single Replacement

Cu(NO 3 ) 2(aq) + Na 3 PO 4(aq) Cu 3 (PO 4 ) 2(s) + NaNO 3(aq) Double Replacement

2Na(s) + Cl 2 (g) 2NaCl(s) Synthesis

H 3 PO 4(aq) + KOH (aq) K 3 PO 4(aq) + H 2 O (l) Acid - Base