Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ECOSYSTEMS: Cycles www.swpc.noaa.gov/

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Presentation transcript:

Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ECOSYSTEMS: Cycles

Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Biochemical Cycling  Cycling of nutrients called biogeochemical cycling  Move nutrients from nonliving world to living organisms and back.  Without recycling, life could not exist  Four biogeochemical cycles –Carbon- Nitrogen –Oxygen- Phosphorus

Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Carbon Cycling  Photosynthesis – removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and turns it into biomass.  Respiration – returns carbon dioxide to the atmosphere when food is burned by cells.  Carbon is also returned to the environment when an organism dies through the action of detrivores.

Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Carbon Cycling  Some organisms die and accumulate.  Forms large layers of limestone rock –Store carbon in rocks for millions years  Known as carbon reservoir  Weathering returns carbon into atmosphere  Volcanic eruptions add carbon dioxide to atmosphere

Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Carbon Cycling  Alternate path—plants and animals are buried  Exposed to heat and pressure beneath Earth’s surface  Causes chemical changes  Produces fossil fuels—oil and coal –Oil—once living plankton –Coal—remains of plants buried in swamps

Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Carbon Cycling  Fossil fuels known as hydrocarbons  Composed of hydrogen and carbon  Burning returns to atmosphere as carbon dioxide

Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Carbon Cycling  Creation of methane gas (CH4)  Mud of rice paddies in Asia –Anaerobic bacteria release methane gas  Cows produce methane in their digestive systems.

Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Oxygen Cycling  One of most important interactions –Photosynthesis and respiration reactions –Photosynthesis consumes carbon dioxide and releases oxygen  Used during respiration and carbon dioxide is released –Vital link between plants and animals on Earth

Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Oxygen Cycling  The Earth’s crust is also a reservoir for oxygen storage.

Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Nitrogen Cycling - Nitrification  Begins with bacteria in soil and roots  Combine ammonia with other atoms  Nitrogen compounds absorbed by roots of plants  Used to make proteins

Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Nitrogen Cycling - Nitrogen Fixation  Legumes harbor bacteria that fix nitrogen in small nodules in their roots.  Convert atmospheric nitrogen to plant-available nitrogen  Used to form proteins and other compounds, which makes nitrogen available to other organisms Nodules on Clover roots

Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Nitrogen Cycling - Denitrification  Bacteria in the soil break down dead organisms, releasing nitrogen gas into the atmosphere. Denitrification filter, part of wastewater treatment plant.

Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Phosphorus Cycling  Major source of phosphorus is not the atmosphere –Found in rocks  Phosphate-containing rocks become weathered (break down)  Main source of phosphorus for ecosystems of Earth

Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Phosphorus Cycling  Animal wastes contain large amounts of phosphorus  Helps to recycle back through food chain  Rare in some ecosystems –Called a limiting factor

Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Phosphorus Cycling  Human activity raises phosphorus levels –Waste disposal and use of fertilizer  Causes rapid growth in aquatic plants and algae Result is algae bloom Chokes waterway with overgrowth

Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.