Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slides 5.45 – 5.55 Seventh Edition Elaine N. Marieb Chapter 5 The Skeletal System Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. Cook

Joints Slide 5.43 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Articulations of bones  Functions of joints  Hold bones together  Allow for mobility  Ways joints are classified  Functionally  Structurally

Identify: 1.amphiarthrotic 2.diarthrotic 1.synarthrotic

Functional Classification of Joints Slide 5.44 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Synarthroses – immovable joints  Amphiarthroses – slightly moveable joints  Diarthroses – freely moveable joints

In review, the three types of Fibrous Joints: 1.Sutures 2.Syndesmosis 1.Gomphosis

Structural Classification of Joints Slide 5.45 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Fibrous joints  Generally immovable  Cartilaginous joints  Immovable or slightly moveable  Synovial joints  Freely moveable

Fibrous Joints Slide 5.46 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Bones united by fibrous tissue  Examples  Sutures  Syndesmoses  Allows more movement than sutures  Example: distal end of tibia and fibula Figure 5.27d, e

Cartilaginous Joints Slide 5.47 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Bones connected by cartilage  Examples  Pubic symphysis  Intervertebral joints Figure 5.27b, c

Synovial Joints Slide 5.48 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Articulating bones are separated by a joint cavity  Synovial fluid is found in the joint cavity Figure 5.27f–h

Features of Synovial Joints Slide 5.49 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage) covers the ends of bones  Joint surfaces are enclosed by a fibrous articular capsule  Have a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid  Ligaments reinforce the joint

Structures Associated with the Synovial Joint Slide 5.50 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Bursae – flattened fibrous sacs  Lined with synovial membranes  Filled with synovial fluid  Not actually part of the joint  Tendon sheath  Elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon

The Synovial Joint Slide 5.51 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.28

Types of Synovial Joints Based on Shape Slide 5.52a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.29a–c

Types of Synovial Joints Based on Shape Slide 5.52b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.29d–f

Objective 8: Joint Disorders/Homeostatic Imbalances Read pages ; then read pages Explain the following; then complete #36, page 97 in workbook: Bursitis Sprain Arthritis—three types: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid, gout Joint Replacements ACL repair

Inflammatory Conditions Associated with Joints Bursitis—inflammation of a bursa usually caused by a blow or friction Tendonitis—inflammation of tendon sheaths Arthritis—inflammatory or degenerative diseases of joints Over 100 different types The most widespread crippling disease in the United States Initial symptoms: pain, stiffness, swelling of the joint

Clinical Forms of Arthritis Osteoarthritis Most common chronic arthritis Probably related to normal aging processes Rheumatoid arthritis An autoimmune disease—the immune system attacks the joints Symptoms begin with bilateral inflammation of certain joints Often leads to deformities

Figure 5.33

Clinical Forms of Arthritis Gouty arthritis Inflammation of joints is caused by a deposition of uric acid crystals from the blood Can usually be controlled with diet More common in men