BLOOD DISORDERS

ANEMIA- a condition in which you don't have enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to your tissues

Iron Deficiency Anemia Inadequate amounts of iron to form hemoglobin in the red blood cells Causes insufficient iron in the diet poor absorption of iron by the body ongoing blood loss, most commonly from menstruation or from gradual blood loss in the intestinal tract periods of rapid growth TX- Iron Supplements Increasing iron in your diet (green leefy vegetables)

Aplastic Anemia Aplastic Anemia – bone marrow does not produce enough RBC Causes: Chemotherapy and radiation toxic chemicals Virus Some rheumatoid arthritis medications and even some medications Idiopathic

Pernicious anemia A decrease in red blood cells that occurs when the intestines cannot properly absorb vitamin B12. Causes A special protein, called intrinsic factor (IF), helps your intestines absorb vitamin B12. This protein is released by cells in the stomach. When the stomach does not make enough intrinsic factor, the intestine cannot properly absorb vitamin B12.

Aplastic Anemia TX: Blood transfusions Eliminating the cause Bone marrow transplant Frequently FATAL!

Pernicious Anemia Treatment Vitamin B12 injections once a month Vitamin B12 absorbed in the mouth Vitamin B12 given through the nose

Hemorrhagic Anemia A type of anemia caused from heavy blood loss due to bleeding somewhere in the body. Causes Large blood loss in life-threatening situation such as traumatic injury, massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage, such as ulcers, hemorrhoids, gastritis (inflammation of the stomach) and cancer. Treatment stop bleeding (both internally and externally) IV saline, plasma or albumins Possible blood transfusions for large amounts of blood loss.

Leukemia Type of cancer Overproduction of immature white blood cells They take the place of RBCs Treatable with bone marrow transplants, chemothemotherapy, radiation

Blood Smear of a patient with Leukemia Normal blood smear

Blood Smear; Leukemia

St. Jude Hospital Leukemia is one of the most common childhood cancers. It occurs when large numbers of abnormal white blood cells fill the bone marrow and sometimes enter the bloodstream. Because these abnormal blood cells are defective, they don't help protect the body against infection the way normal white blood cells do. And because they grow uncontrollably, they take over the bone marrow and interfere with the body's production of other important types of cells in the bloodstream, like red blood cells (which carry oxygen) and platelets (which help blood to clot).

Infectious mononucleosis sometimes called "mono" or "the kissing disease," is an infection usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). EBV is very common, and many people have been exposed to the virus at some time in childhood. What white blood cell do you think would be elevated with MONO

Blood poisoning - Septicemia An infection enters the blood stream Can be deadly Treated with antibiotics (usually IV antibiotics to start)

SICKLE CELL ANEMIA Genetic Disorder Abnormally shaped blood cells Parents can be carriers (asymptomatic) Common in African American, Hispanics an and Mediterranean dissent

Sickle Cell Anemia is actually codominant AA = normal Aa = sickle cell trait (few symptoms) aa = sickle cell anemia

If both parents are carriers, child has a ¼ chance of having the disease

Complications Pain Lethargy Lifelong anemia (low red blood count) Organ failure Stroke Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes). It occurs because the rapid breakdown of abnormal red blood cells leads to a build-up of a waste product in the body called bilirubin

Treatments There is no cure for Sickle cell Treatment is aimed at relieving pain, preventing infections and organ damage. Some may be cured with bone marrow and stem cell transplants but it is risky and more research is being done. Video

HEMOPHILIA This disorder causes a failure of the blood to clot Patients can be treated with blood transfusions that include clotting agents.

Hemophilia is carried on the X chromosome Females X H X H normal X H X h carrier X h X h hemophiliac Males X H Y normal X h Y hemophiliac

Research Research what clotting factors are missing with the different forms of hemophilia. Symptoms Treatments Prognosis What diseases could they be susceptible too and why? What is thrombocytopenia? What vitamin may doctors prescribe before surgery to help our blood clot? Why? What is a normal WBC count and What WBC Counts do we see with leukemia?