Bacteria: Beneficial, Infectious and Antibiotics Karl Schaller, Eric Li, Ethan Parker, John Ruszkowski

Overview Ways bacteria benefit our lives How bacteria harm our lives How diseases spread and how we can prevent them from spreading Difference between disinfectants and antibiotics and how they work Penicillin, tetracycline, macrolide, and how they harm bacteria What we use antibiotics to treat

Ways Bacteria Benefit Our Lives They help inside the body as well as outside Decomposers release nitrogen that is not produced normally There are bacteria in the intestines that digest difficult plant material Ethan

Beneficial Bacteria Waste management Oxygen production Bacteria produce more than 50% of the worlds oxygen Ethan

How Bacteria Harm Our Lives Pathogen ----- A harmful infection Could be fungal, bacterial, viral or parasite Bacteria even can become resistant to antibiotics, becoming even more dangerous Super bacteria Ethan

Harmful Bacteria Most harmful bacteria live in the intestines and can be fatal Many bacterial infections ranging all over the body Treated with antibiotics Ethan

How Diseases Spread And How We Can Prevent Them From Spreading Diseases are spread many different ways, including bodily fluid transfer, genetics, or through the air Diseases that aren't passed down through genetics originate from a host These original hosts can be any organism that isn't a human The most effective tool against deadly viruses is quarantining, isolating the first people to get the virus came and not letting anyone come into contact with them Vaccinations work well against one strain of virus, but as more and more strains pop up, its more difficult to combat the virus John

How Diseases Spread Modern transportation technology makes it much easier and faster for diseases to spread worldwide Airborne diseases spread by "hitching a ride" on droplets of your saliva when you sneeze Diseases such as HIV, Leprosy, and Polio are spread through direct skin contact and cuts Excrement and urine can also carry diseases = bad hygiene John

How We Can Prevent Them From Spreading Having proper hygiene and cleaning habits can prevent diseases in body secretions from spreading Enforcing travel bans on people going to or coming from an area where a disease is prevalent Antibiotics can fight bacterial disease, but they can't fight viral disease John

Conclusion Diseases can spread through genetics, skin contact, and the air Isolating a population who has the disease from the rest of the world can stop the disease from spreading Vaccinations are only temporary fixes as new strains usually pop up Modern transportation technology increases the rate of spreading Body secretions can also carry diseases, and if one doesn't have good hygiene or cleaning habits, they risk contracting disease themselves Quarantining is the most effective tool in combating disease John

What Are Disinfectants Chemical liquid that destroys bacteria Strategy of infection control Used to reduce living microorganisms to level safe for environment Karl

How Do Disinfectants Work Non-specific in action: Act against any biological material present Potency affected by concentration (pure alcohol less effective than alcohol diluted with water) Presence of organic material decreases effectiveness of disinfectant Microorganisms can develop resistance to disinfectants Karl

What Are Antibiotics Type of antimicrobial used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infection Kill or inhibit growth of bacteria Made of bacteria or eukaryotic organisms that protect from other bacteria Karl

How Do Antibiotics Work Kills or weakens infectious bacteria Different antibiotics target different bacteria Bacteria can develop antibiotic resistance Resistance overcome by modifying antibiotic Antibiotics have no direct effect on viruses Karl

What We Use Antibiotics To Treat Antibiotics are used to treat infections caused by bacteria, so they so not treat viruses Common illnesses caused by bacteria are urinary tract infections, strep throat, and pneumonia and illnesses caused by viruses are colds, sore throats, and coughs there is a risk that the bacteria will become resistant and antibiotics will become less effective Eric

Penicillin * Affect the peptidoglycan ------- a protective mesh-like structure around the cell Surround the cell in reproduction, causing them to fill in holes created when cells divide The bacteria fills with water and kills it Eric

Macrolides Macrolides bind to the 50s unit of the bacterial ribosomes *stops specific amino acids from attaching to rRNA complex This does not kill the bacteria, bur it inhibits it from hurting you Natural Lactone consisting of 14 -20 atoms Eric

Tetracycline Same thing as Macrolides but bonds to 30s Also inhibits further by altering membrane, causing leakage Causes more denaturing of bacteria Eric