Core Features Four Student SkillsFaculty/Staff 1.School-wide behavioral expectations (respect) 2.Stop routine when faced with disrespectful behavior 3.Stopping routine if someone tells you to “stop” 4.A recruit help routine to recruit adult help if you feel unsafe. Strategy for teaching students core skills Strategy for follow-up and consistency in responding Advanced support options Clear data collection and data-use process 1

1. Introduction 2 Teach school-wide expectations first! Teach students to recognize “respectful” versus “non-respectful” behavior. Discuss examples (and non-examples) of following school-wide rules in specific settings. Use non-examples (e.g. problem behaviors) from outside the classroom: – Basketball, four square, between classes, hanging out in the parking lot. – The word “bully” is never used Peer attention comes in many forms: – Arguing with someone that teases you – Laughing at someone being picked on – Watching problem behavior and doing nothing The candle under a glass cup

2. How Students Respond: Stop Routine 3 Teach a clear, simple, and easy school-wide way to remove the peer attention and break the cycle of problem behavior before it can become severe. If someone does something disrespectful to you or someone else, use the stop routine Because talking is tough in emotional situations… always include a physical “signal” that students can use as well. Examples Stop Enough Use Another word Quit it Over the line

Teach “Walk” 4 Often, even when students tell others to “stop”, problems won’t be resolved. When this happens, students are to "walk away" from the problem behavior (remove themselves from the situation). Students should help others walk away too Students can also be taught that they can comfort victims of disrespect after helping them walk away

Teach “Talk” 5 Even when students use “stop” and “walk away” from the problem, sometimes others will continue to behave inappropriately toward them. When that happens, students should "talk" to an adult. Report problems to adults – What is appropriate and inappropriate reporting? "Talking" is when you have tried to solve the problem by using the stop routine Inappropriate Reporting is when you do not try the "stop" or "walk away" steps first Inappropriate Reporting is when your goal is to get the other person in trouble An exception to the rule: If students are in significant fear of their safety, they should skip the “stop” and “walk” steps, and go immediately to an adult

Let’s try one… Scott Ross, Utah State University 6

3. Teaching a Reply: The Stopping Routine 7 Eventually, every student will be told to stop. Here is the rule: If someone asks you to stop doing something that they think is disrespectful, you stop – whether you were doing it on purpose or not. When you are asked to stop, do the following: – Stop what you are doing – Take a deep breath – Go about your day (no big deal) At this point, students can problem-solve, apologize, or just drop it

4. How Adults Respond 8 When a student reports problem behavior, all adults should follow a specific response sequence: First, let students know that their report is important – Reinforce the student for reporting the problem behavior (i.e. "I'm glad you told me.") Ensure the student’s safety. Is the behavior still happening? Is the reporting student at risk? What does the student need to feel safe? What is the severity of the situation "Did you tell the student to stop?" (If yes, praise the student for using an appropriate response. If no, practice) "Did you walk away?" (If yes, praise student for using appropriate response. If no, practice.)

Addressing the Perpetrator… 9 Reinforce the student for discussing the problem with you "Did ______ tell you to stop?" » If yes: "How did you respond?” » If no: Practice the 3 step response. "Did ______ walk away?" » If yes: "How did you respond?” » If no: Practice the 3 step response. Practice the stop routine and the stopping routine » The amount of practice depends on the severity and frequency of problem behavior » 2 minute rule - If a supervisor can’t address a report within two minutes, that issue should be referred to an alternate time/setting/staff member for processing.

Activity – Part 1 10 With a partner discuss a “stop” response you think would work in your school (or a couple possibilities) – Keep the language simple – Provide a hand signal that can be matched to the statement if necessary – Remember, what you think is “cool” probably won’t be cool to the students, simply because an adult came up with it How would your stop routine be used in situations of gossip? How would your stop routine work online?

Discussion – Decide as a faculty: – a “stop” response you think would work in your school (or a couple possibilities) – a hand signal that can be matched to the statement if necessary How would your stop routine be used in situations of gossip? How would your stop routine work online? Scott Ross, University of Oregon 11

Activity – In groups of 4-5: – Practice a stop routine: Separate roles into: Supervisor, Perpetrator, Victim, and Bystander. Try to find situations where the stop routine may not work Scott Ross, Utah State University 12

Check for Understanding 1.What “function” typically serves to maintain bullying behavior? 2.What are some advantages of a school-wide “stop” sequence? Scott Ross, Utah State University 13

Tier II-Checking in with some Students Tier II-Checking in with some Students Chronic victims and perpetrators will struggle the most implementing a new strategy – Every day, at the beginning of unstructured times, adults in the school should check in with a student or a group of students and remind them of the stop routine and how to reply if another student uses the routine with them. – At the end of the unstructured time, adults check in again, ask about how it went, and reinforce students for their efforts. Don’t underestimate the power of this added intervention! 14 Scott Ross, Utah State University

15 Getting older students to buy into any intervention is half the battle (or more than half!) Have older students involved in every phase of the intervention development – Create a student focus group prior to implementation – Consider school-wide surveys to allow all students an input – Students can be involved in teaching the curriculum in assemblies or through videos Getting Student Buy-in

Discussion: Getting Buy-In Discuss with your table – Will student buy-in be a challenge for the older students at your school? – What strategies would be feasible for getting student buy- in? – Begin to come up with a plan that can be implemented at your school What support do you need from the district to make it happen? Scott Ross, Utah State University 16

Research Support for BP-PBS Three elementary schools Two students at each school with physical/social aggression at high rates All staff taught with the BP-PBS manual All students taught by staff All playground personnel received implementation support Direct Observation during 10-minute observations of the playground (Ross & Horner, 2009) 17 Scott Ross, Utah State University

18 BaselineAcquisitionFull BP-PBS Implementation Number of Incidents of Bullying Behavior School Days School 1 Rob Bruce Cindy Scott Anne Ken School 2 School %decrease

BP-PBS, Scott Ross 19 28% increase 19% decrease

BP-PBS, Scott Ross 20 21% increase 22% decrease

21

22 Pre-Post Surveys in 25 elementary schools over the last 2 years

23 Good, McIntosh, & Gietz, 2011 Middle School Case Study

Advanced Support 24 School-wide PBIS and BP-PBIS will not be sufficient for all students (remember the triangle) Continued bullying behavior may occur for many reasons – Lack of social skills – Mental Health issues – Family dynamics – Disabilities Use your data to identify students in need of more intense support

Effective Delivery of the Intervention Use the teaching plans in the BP-PBIS handbook – Available free online at Build your own teaching plans. Develop a schedule for implementation Teach all students in the school within a 2 week period. Build a strategy for providing orientation to new students entering the school. After the initial lessons, teachers should follow up with students weekly (2-3 min) for several weeks to discuss what is working, what isn’t, and to practice The flame won’t go out immediately, so checking-in regularly is critical 25

Data collection for Decision- making 1.Office Discipline Referral Data – Whole school – Individual students 2.Student/ Staff perceptions – School climate survey – Student perception surveys 3.Fidelity – Daily or weekly Implementation Checklist – Survey for Staff after implementation 4.Action Planning – Team Implementation Checklist 26 SYSTEMS PRACTICES DAT A

1. ODR data Do we have a problem? Do we need a bully prevention intervention? Is the BP effort effective? 27

Scott Ross, University of Oregon 28 Harassment Name Calling/ Inapp Language Physical Aggression

Aggression, Harassment, Fight, Name Calling /School Day 4 weeks before BP-PBS and 4 week after BP 29 Pre BP Post BP

2. Perception Surveys Unfortunately, many instances of bullying are NOT reported by students or recorded in the ODR data. – Consider pre-post surveys to determine the existence of bullying issues in the school Many commercially available surveys on the market …Or create your own 30  In your school  1. You feel safe  2.Other students treat you respectfully?  3. You treat other students respectfully?  4. Adults treat you respectfully?  5. You treat adults in your school respectfully  In the past week  5. Has anyone treated you disrespectfully?  6. Have you asked someone to “stop?”  7. Has anyone asked you to “stop?”  8. Have you seen someone else treated disrespectfully?

31 Pre-Post Surveys in 25 elementary schools over the last 2 years

3. Fidelity: Walking the Walk – The effectiveness of the intervention is contingent on the ongoing coaching, practice, and data collection – SWPBIS teams need to ensure that implementation continues after the initial lessons (fidelity of implementation) Weekly surveys – “I checked in with a student at the beginning of recess” – “I praised a student for using the stop/walk/talk response” – “I modeled the stop/walk/talk response for a student” – “I praised a student for reporting a problem behavior” – “I coached a student who reported problem behavior about how to respond when others are not respectful” – “I coached a student who was not respectful to others about how to respond when other say stop” Daily checklists Scott Ross, Utah State University 32

33 Handout #2

4. Action Planning – Team Implementation Checklist: defines steps for the school team and district leadership team. – Always use implementation data to build into action plan 34

35 Prevention in Bully Positive Behavior Support Planning Guide (Handout #3): Moving from Discussion to Action This planning guide is designed for use by teams planning to implement bully prevention efforts as part of their existing school-wide positive behavior support program. The guide defines steps for the school team and district leadership team that will increase the likelihood that the bully prevention effort will be implemented well, sustained, and a benefit to students, families and faculty. School Building Planning Team ActionCriterion In Place Partially In Place Not In place Who?By When? 1.Faculty/Staff ReadinessTeam defined to lead implementation of BP-PBIS All faculty/staff have read the BP-PBIS manual "Stop" signal selected All faculty/staff have received BP-PBIS orientation training 2. Curriculum DeliverySchedule developed for student BP training. BP-PBS lessons delivered to all students Plan developed for BP-PBS orientation for students who enter during the year. 3. Follow-up/ BoosterFollow-up lessons scheduled to occur weekly after initial student training. Follow up lessons delivered at least twice after initial training, including practice in applicable settings. 4. PBIS teamBP-PBIS set as a standard item on the PBS team agenda

36 ActionCriterion In Place Partially In Place Not In place Who?By When? 5. CoachingPlan developed for coaching and feedback for playground supervisors Coaching for playground, lunch, hall supervisors provided at least twice, and as needed after. 6. Evaluation/ MonitoringQuarterly review to assess if BP-PBS is being used as intended (fidelity) Monthly review of office referral and incident reports related to bullying behaviors (aggression, harassment, threats) Collect study BP survey data at least annually 7. Social ValidityReview efficiency and impact with families, faculty, students

37 District Leadership Team ActionCriterion In Place Partially In Place Not In place Who?By When? 1.Bully Prevention orientation for New Faculty Fall orientation for all new faculty 2.District update at least once a year Report to District administration or board about (a) number of schools using BP-PBS, (b) fidelity of implementation, (c) impact on student behavior. 3. District Trainer District has individual(s) trained to conduct staff orientation/training/coaching in BP-PBS

Action Planning Time Using the Materials provided (Handouts 2-3) – Consider all the issues discussed today and indicate the steps necessary to make bullying prevention a reality – Consider implementation schedules, follow-up and evaluation – How, when, and where will you: Get student buy-in? Measure outcomes pre – post? Implement student training? Measure implementation fidelity on a regular basis? Measure team implementation? – Building capacity What help is needed from the district? What materials and protocols need to be developed? 38

Action Planning Time Discussion – Knowing school begins next Wednesday- – Consider implementation schedules, follow-up and evaluation – How, when, and where will you: Get student buy-in? Measure outcomes pre – post? Implement student training? Measure implementation fidelity on a regular basis? Measure team implementation? – Building capacity What help is needed from the district? What materials and protocols need to be developed? 39