Chapter 14-2 France and Benelux countries IF YOU LIVED THERE…. You are strolling through one of the many open-air markets in a Paris neighborhood. You stop to buy some fruit, then go into a baker to buy bread, cheese, and lemonade. You sit on a park bench to eat lunch. You end your day with a stroll along the of the Seine River, where you look at books and postcards. Lascaux Cave, France

Successive waves of migrants included Gauls, Romans, Franks, Vikings Strong identity united by language (French) and religion (Christianity) Mainly Roman Catholic Concern about American influence Strong desire to preserve customs _________________________________________ Franks: first known as a group of Germanic tribes that roamed the land between the Lower and Middle Rhine in the 3rd century AD, Section 2: France Features of French Culture

France’s Economy Major Industries Fashion design Perfumes and cosmetics Jewelry, glassware, furniture,Tourism Farming—Wheat, sugar beets, olives, grapes, dairy products World’s leading wine producer High-Tech—Aviation, communications, space technology

Early History of France

Revolution and Empire

MODERN HISTORY

Issues and Challenges Facing France Today Relations with former colonies, problems with overseas departments Integrating increasing numbers of new immigrants into French society Government’ s influence over the economy; highly taxed and regulated

Modern History During both World War I and World War II German forces invaded France. After each war France had to rebuild its economy 1950’s and 1960’s French colonies gained their independence. France is now a Republic with a parliament and an elected president. In 1800’s, France was the center for art called impressionism. France still controls some overseas territrories like Martinique in the West Indies.

BENEOUX COUNTRIES Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg All once called the Netherlands All these lands are low elevation Invaded by foreign powers Political and economic union after World War II (eventually led to the European Union)

What are the characteristics of the major cities and economies of the Benelux Countries Major Cities Belgium: Brussels Netherlands: Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague Luxembourg: Luxembourg Economy Belgium: industry, agriculture, international business, diamond cutting, carpets, chocolate Netherlands: agriculture (dairy and flowers), diversified activities, many exports, natural gas Luxembourg: steel,

History of the Benelux Countries  This is an example of how people adapt to their environment.  During WWII German occupied the Benelux Countries ( Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxemburg…)  1648 Netherlands gain its independence  Government today each country has a parliament and ceremonial monarch.  The location of these countries lends them to invasions and to promote trade.

Capitals of Netherlands, Brussels and importance of Luxemburg Amsterdam is the capital of the Netherlands o Brussels is the capital of Belgium o Brussels is a cosmopolitan area which means is has developed according to many foreign influences. o Luxemburg: is mostly Roman Catholic and speak French or German. o Luxemburg makes most of its income from services like banking, producing steel & chemicals. o It is the center of international business & government

European Union  Definition: a group of smaller countries working together to build a united business community  Promotes: political and economic cooperations among member nations.  Current members of European Union:  : Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Republic of Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the UK.Jul 24, &safe=active&ssui=on#q=what%20countries

Germany and the Alpine Countries Russian Federation Building….government Swiss Flag

The Big Idea Germany and the Alpine Countries are prosperous countries with similar cultures. Main Ideas After a history of division and two world wars, Germany is now a unified country., and is a Federal Republic. German culture, known for its contributions to music, literature, and science, is growing more diverse. Germany today has Europe’s largest economy, but eastern Germany faces challenges. The Alpine Countries reflect German culture and have strong economies based on tourism and services. Most people in North & South Germany are Protestants Germany and the Alpine Countries

Germany today Europe’s largest economy Market economy with many exports Based on industry, such as chemicals, engineering, and steel The eastern region’s economy still lags. Government Federal republic headed by a chancellor, or prime minister, and parliament Belongs to EU and NATO Economy Most people live in cities. Largest city is Berlin, the capital. Other key cities are Hamburg and Munich. Cities

Austria Most Austrians speak German and are Roman Catholic. The country’s capital, Vienna, is filled with historic palaces and is a center of art and music. Austria has a prosperous economy based on service industries such as banking. Tourism is also important.

Switzerland Republic divided into 26 cantons, or districts, with capital at Bern Has remained neutral for centuries and has not joined NATO or the EU, but remains active in international organizations Switzerland remains neutral because of the physical landform of the Alps. Several languages: German, French, Italian, and Romansh Famous for banks, watches, chocolate, cheese, and for having the world’s highest standard of living

 I left this here if someone wants to add to these or change or add pictures…. Up to you….